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Kaufman Khan posted an update 6 months ago
This study’s findings advance our comprehension of shifting mobility patterns and pinpoint obstacles to cycling or scootering for shopping trips. The document also suggests policy recommendations for enhancing bicycle and scooter use for shopping trips, which can be put into effect by local authorities.
This paper examines the patterns of transportation mode selection among Latin American populations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing survey data collected in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. A two-wave online survey, encompassing randomly chosen transport system users, was administered between April and June 2020. A stated choice experiment, coupled with revealed preference data and psychometric indicators, was integral to the survey design. Latent variables, satisfaction with public transport and response to COVID-19, were incorporated into the developed hybrid choice models. The results reveal a pervasive habit of personal vehicle use within the Dominican demographic. Public transport’s limited capacity and reduced safety, encompassing social distancing concerns, are the primary deterrents to its use. The research findings unequivocally showcase the metro’s success in Santo Domingo as a public transport option. Choosing a mode of transport, both pre- and post-pandemic, is profoundly impacted by cost and time. OMSA bus travel shows a greater susceptibility to these factors compared to metro travel. The investigation’s results point to a potential bias in estimating the value of travel time savings, stemming from the disregard of COVID-19’s hidden effects on public transportation services during the pandemic. Importantly, the results suggest that captive modes of public transportation were essential for users during the pandemic. Forced to persist with public transit, these users are without access to any alternative transportation methods. In order to best manage a pandemic, governments should actively encourage transport operators to uphold service level consistency, preventing reductions in frequency and capacity.
From organic synthesis to pharmacology and material science, selenium-containing organic molecules have witnessed a burgeoning number of applications. Due to these considerations, the development of gentle, effective, and universally applicable protocols for the creation of C-Se bonds is beneficial, and photoinitiated strategies are appealing alternatives. In this review, we aim to provide the reader with the latest examples of selenylation reactions that utilize light.
To achieve many molecular functions, precise conformational control is absolutely indispensable. The crucial role of proper spatial orientation becomes evident when chemists synthesize complex molecules for applications outside the realm of the academic laboratory. Flexible systems are particularly noteworthy in this regard. The potential of conformationally adaptable molecules stems from their capacity to resemble naturally occurring counterparts, encompassing the secondary structures found in proteins and peptides, specifically alpha-helices and beta-sheets. Metal ion coordination or interaction is a method for controlling conformation in these molecules. A scrutiny of how secondary structure (meaning regulated local configuration) in foldamers and similar adaptable systems can be controlled or changed via coordination with metallic elements is undertaken in this assessment. We aim to provide illustrations demonstrating how metal ions can affect this structure’s trajectory towards multiple divergent results.
Investigations into the free ion characteristics of Gd(III) cations are now vital, made possible by the recent development of 4f7 gadolinium materials. Even though the 8S ground state in trivalent gadolinium compounds is, in principle, isotropic, empirical studies have revealed a lingering orbital angular momentum, dependent on crystal field forces and structural distortions in some specific cases. We investigate the fundamental query of Gd(III)’s isotropic character retention across diverse crystal dimensional structures, leveraging the intrinsic atomic control in material growth. We devised two new trivalent gadolinium materials, each exhibiting a unique structural design, comprising a 2-D CsGd(SO4)2 and a 3-D CsH2O structure. O-H,-O hydrogen bonds contribute to the tunability of the structural dimension. Individual investigations into the physical properties of each material, taking into account their lattice dimensions, are made possible by the variance in their structural compositions, allowing for a comparative analysis. Our results point to a negligible correlation between the structural dimensions of the materials and the behavior of each individual ion. Gd(III) complex magnetization measurements revealed paramagnetic states possessing an isotropic spin-only character. Analysis of specific heat data suggests no magnetic phase transition is present down to 18 Kelvin, and the material’s coupled lattice vibrations originate from the strong covalent characteristics of the (SO4)2- and H2O ligands. This research unveils a pathway to preserve the unique single-ion properties of Gd(III) while simultaneously constructing extended frameworks on a large scale capable of supporting a substantial spin magnetic moment of S = 7/2.
The stereoselective synthesis of geometrical iron(II) complexes is presented, highlighting the use of azine-NHC ligands. Azinic steric demands dictate facial and meridional selectivity, independent of the carbene’s identity. The selection of bulky 5-mesityl-substituted pyridyl coordinating units leads, specifically, to the formation of meridional complexes. The rise in steric hindrance at the location relative to the N coordinating atom unexpectedly results in an exclusive facial configuration, contrasting sharply with the common meridional selectivity observed with other reported -substituted bidentate ligands. The investigation into the structure, optical, and electrochemical behaviors of the presented complexes demonstrated a considerable effect stemming from the facial/meridional ligand configuration at the metal center.
Investigations on organizational epistemic failings expose the existence of organizations that are actively malicious, routinely perpetrating harm through manipulative deception. Undeniably, a lack of empirical investigation into the concept of epistemic malevolence is apparent. We relate epistemic malevolence to the observed patterns of organizational deception in empirical studies. The existing body of empirical research inadequately addresses how an organization’s capacity to manage sensitive information influences its deceptive tactics. Eighty high-penalty corporate misconduct cases in the U.S., spanning from 2000 to 2020, are investigated to address this critical void. Organizations, based on our research, implement two varied strategies of deceit, frequently planting seeds of doubt in information regarding their operations or effects which is publicly available. Organizations, in contrast, engage in ‘trust exploitation’ by deceptively concealing, obfuscating, or fabricating information they hold. Past investigations, despite their emphasis on ‘generating uncertainty’, indicate that organizations frequently ‘rely on trust’ in the large majority of cases we have investigated. The strategy of ‘exploiting trust’ requires a distinctly different approach from regulators and organizations than ‘sowing doubt,’ leading to important policy considerations.
The highly contagious COVID-19 pandemic, manifesting as a severe acute respiratory syndrome, motivated the exploration of medicinal plants as an alternative route for obtaining novel drugs, especially those capable of modulating the immune system to combat the pulmonary infection induced by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While medical breakthroughs have been achieved in developing COVID-19 drugs and vaccines, substances derived from plants may offer a diverse selection of possible candidates for testing against the virus, or, in any case, alleviate some of its symptoms. This review, subsequently, investigates specific Peruvian plants that are widely used and known for their immunomodulatory effects, or potentially possessing phytochemicals that can prevent or mitigate COVID-19 infection. Significantly, this review underscores pertinent information from these botanical sources to promote the creation of novel immune-stimulating pharmaceuticals. Guided by three criteria, nine vegetal species were selected for further study. A descriptive search was undertaken from 1978 to 2021, across various databases, using keywords centered on the immune system, encompassing details of pharmacological properties, phytochemicals, botanical information, ethnobotanical uses, and selected clinical trials. In light of the existing literature, our results showcased considerable immunomodulatory activity, combined with impactful anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer characteristics. A wide range of bioactive phytoconstituents (mixtures or isolated compounds) is notably associated with these pharmacological activities, potentially offering a means to modulate the excessive inflammatory response characteristic of severe COVID-19. Additional scientific inquiry into the pharmacological effects and therapeutic utilization of these potential plant-based resources is warranted.
Available through the online format, additional resources are found at 101007/s43450-023-00367-w.
The supplementary materials for the online document are located at the indicated URL: 101007/s43450-023-00367-w.
The potential for enduring residue accumulation in animals, a consequence of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides, poses a secondary poisoning risk. microrna2 In both a laboratory and field setting, we assessed how a low concentration of cholecalciferol in brodifacoum bait affected Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) consumption and control efficacy. Moreover, the potency of both baits was evaluated in the context of Y139C-resistant rats. Within two days of the laboratory study, cholecalciferol induced a robust stop-feed effect. For the treatment of Norway rat infestations, bait was applied to two field sites, each containing either 25 mg/kg of brodifacoum or a blend of 25 mg/kg of brodifacoum and 100 mg/kg of cholecalciferol.
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