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Hess Bullock posted an update 6 months ago
The aortic flow and valvular dynamics associated with these thinner valvular tissues have not been previously identified and provide essential information that can significantly advance fundamental knowledge about the cardiac system and support future medical device innovation. Considering the risks associated with such observed flutter phenomena, including blood damage and accelerated leaflet deterioration, this study demonstrates the potentially serious impact of introducing thinner, more flexible tissues into the cardiac system.Transcriptomes are key to understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The ability to infer the expression state (active or inactive) of genes in the transcriptome offers unique benefits for addressing this issue. For example, qualitative changes in gene expression may underly the origin of novel phenotypes, and expression states are readily comparable between tissues and species. However, inferring the expression state of genes is a surprisingly difficult problem, owing to the complex biological and technical processes that give rise to observed transcriptomic datasets. Here, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian mixture model that describes this complex process and allows us to infer expression state of genes from replicate transcriptomic libraries. We explore the statistical behavior of this method with analyses of simulated datasets-where we demonstrate its ability to correctly infer true (known) expression states-and empirical-benchmark datasets, where we demonstrate that the expression states inferred from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets using our method are consistent with those based on independent evidence. The power of our method to correctly infer expression states is generally high and remarkably, approaches the maximum possible power for this inference problem. We present an empirical analysis of primate-brain transcriptomes, which identifies genes that have a unique expression state in humans. Our method is implemented in the freely available R package zigzag.The DNA sensor cGAS catalyzes the production of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP, resulting in type I interferon responses. We addressed the functionality of cGAS-mediated DNA sensing in human and murine T cells. Activated primary CD4+ T cells expressed cGAS and responded to plasmid DNA by upregulation of ISGs and release of bioactive interferon. In mouse T cells, cGAS KO ablated sensing of plasmid DNA, and TREX1 KO enabled cells to sense short immunostimulatory DNA. Expression of IFIT1 and MX2 was downregulated and upregulated in cGAS KO and TREX1 KO T cell lines, respectively, compared to parental cells. Despite their intact cGAS sensing pathway, human CD4+ T cells failed to mount a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-sensitive immune response following HIV-1 infection. In contrast, infection of human T cells with HSV-1 that is functionally deficient for the cGAS antagonist pUL41 (HSV-1ΔUL41N) resulted in a cGAS-dependent type I interferon response. In accordance with our results in primary CD4+ T cells, plasmid challenge or HSV-1ΔUL41N inoculation of T cell lines provoked an entirely cGAS-dependent type I interferon response, including IRF3 phosphorylation and expression of ISGs. In contrast, no RT-dependent interferon response was detected following transduction of T cell lines with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral or gammaretroviral particles. Together, T cells are capable to raise a cGAS-dependent cell-intrinsic response to both plasmid DNA challenge or inoculation with HSV-1ΔUL41N. However, HIV-1 infection does not appear to trigger cGAS-mediated sensing of viral DNA in T cells, possibly by revealing viral DNA of insufficient quantity, length, and/or accessibility to cGAS.
Children with medical complexity (CMC) have an increased risk of adverse events after hospital discharge. Authors of previous studies have evaluated discharge communication practices with primary care providers (PCPs) in adults and general pediatric patients. There is a lack of evidence surrounding hospitalist communication practices at discharge for CMC. In this study, we explore hospitalist-to-PCP communication for CMC at hospital discharge.
A retrospective chart review was performed at a single tertiary care children’s hospital. The population included patients with ≥1 complex chronic condition who were discharged from the pediatric hospitalist team. The presence, type, and quality of discharge communication were collected. Empesertib concentration A descriptive analysis in which we used χ
,
test, Wilcoxon rank testing, and odds ratios was conducted to identify differences in communication practices in CMC.
We identified 368 eligible patients and reviewed their electronic medical records. Discharge communication was docuced coordination needs.
As the coronavirus disease pandemic spread across the United States and protective measures to mitigate its impact were enacted, parents and children experienced widespread disruptions in daily life. Our objective with this national survey was to determine how the pandemic and mitigation efforts affected the physical and emotional well-being of parents and children in the United States through early June 2020.
In June 2020, we conducted a national survey of parents with children age <18 to measure changes in health status, insurance status, food security, use of public food assistance resources, child care, and use of health care services since the pandemic began.
Since March 2020, 27% of parents reported worsening mental health for themselves, and 14% reported worsening behavioral health for their children. The proportion of families with moderate or severe food insecurity increased from 6% before March 2020 to 8% after, employer-sponsored insurance coverage of children decreased from 63% to 60%, and 24% of parents reported a loss of regular child care. Worsening mental health for parents occurred alongside worsening behavioral health for children in nearly 1 in 10 families, among whom 48% reported loss of regular child care, 16% reported change in insurance status, and 11% reported worsening food security.
The coronavirus disease pandemic has had a substantial tandem impact on parents and children in the United States. As policy makers consider additional measures to mitigate the health and economic effects of the pandemic, they should consider the unique needs of families with children.
The coronavirus disease pandemic has had a substantial tandem impact on parents and children in the United States. As policy makers consider additional measures to mitigate the health and economic effects of the pandemic, they should consider the unique needs of families with children.
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