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Holmgaard Finnegan posted an update 6 months ago
More pronounced improvements are found for highly reactive PM2.5 components. These and similar results for July 2017 suggest that our method can enhance and extend the impacts of the assimilated data without being affected by the imbalance issue.Achievement of the 1.5 °C limit for global temperature increase relies on the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. In this article, we explore two CDR technologies soil carbon sequestration (SCS), and carbon capture and storage (CCS) integrated with cellulosic biofuel production. These CDR technologies are applied as part of decentralized biorefinery systems processing corn stover and unfertilized switchgrass grown in riparian zones in the Midwestern United States. Cover crops grown on corn-producing lands are chosen from the SCS approach, and biogenic CO2 in biorefineries is captured, transported by pipeline, and injected into saline aquifers. The decentralized biorefinery system using SCS, CCS, or both can produce carbon-negative cellulosic biofuels (≤-22.2 gCO2 MJ-1). Meanwhile, biofuel selling prices increase by 15-45% due to CDR costs. Economic incentives (e.g., cover crop incentives and/or a CO2 tax credit) can mitigate price increases caused by CDR technologies. A combination of different CDR technologies in decentralized biorefinery systems is the most efficient method for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and its total GHG mitigation potential in the Midwest is 0.16 GtCO2 year-1.The direct conversion of SO2 to SO3 is rather difficult for flue gas desulfurization due to its inert dynamic with high reaction activation energy, and the absorption by wet limestone-gypsum also needs the forced oxidation of O2 to oxidize sulfite to sulfate, which is necessary for additional aeration. Here, we propose a method to remove SO2 with highly synergistic H2O2 production based on a novel dual-function photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system in which the jointed spontaneous reaction of desulfurization and H2O2 production was integrated instead of nonspontaneous reaction of O2 to H2O2. SO2 was absorbed by alkali liquor then oxidized quickly into SO42- by a nanorod α-Fe2O3 photoanode, which possessed high alkali corrosion resistance and electron transport properties. H2O2 was produced simultaneously in the cathode chamber on a gas diffusion electrode and was remarkably boosted by the conversion reaction of SO32- to SO42- in the anode chamber in which the released chemical energy was effectively used to increase H2O2. The photocurrent density increased by 40% up to 1.2 mA·cm-2, and the H2O2 evolution rate achieved 58.8 μmol·L-1·h-1·cm-2 with the synergistic treatment of SO2, which is about five times than that without SO2. This proposed PEC cell system offers a cost-effective and environmental-benign approach for dual purpose of flue gas desulfurization and simultaneous high-valued H2O2 production.Regeneration is required to restore the adsorption performance of activated carbon used as an adsorbent in water purification. Conventional thermal and electrochemical regenerations have high energy consumption and poor mineralization of pollutants, respectively. In this study, phenol-saturated activated carbon fiber was regenerated in situ using an electro-peroxymonosulfate (E-PMS) process, which mineralized the desorbed contaminants with relatively low energy consumption. The initial adsorbed phenol (81.90%) was mineralized, and only 4.07% of the initial concentration remained in the solution after 6 h of E-PMS regeneration. The phenol degradation was dominated by hydroxyl radical oxidation. Adding the PMS in three doses at 2 h intervals improves the regeneration performance from 75% to more than 82%. Regeneration retained 60% of its initial effectiveness even in the 10th cycle with 4.40% of the initial concentration of phenol remaining in the solution. These results confirm the E-PMS regeneration process as effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly for regenerating activated carbon.This study, for the first time, estimates the climate impacts of adopting green roofs and cool roofs on the seasonal urban climate of 16 cities that comprise the Yangtze River Delta metropolitan. We use a suite of regional climate simulation to compare the local climate impacts of the implementation of different roof strategies in summer and winter. The results indicate that in summer, the 2 m surface temperature reduced significantly when these two roof strategies are adopted, with peak reductions of 0.74 and 1.19 K for green roofs and cool roofs, respectively. The cooling impact of cool roofs is more effective than that of green roofs under the scenarios assumed in this study. Besides, rooted in the different mechanisms influencing urban heat flux, significant indirect effects were also observed adopting cool roofs leads to a decreased precipitation in summer and an apparent reduction in wintertime temperatures in the urban area. Although cool roofs can be an effective way to reduce high temperatures during the summer, green roofs have fewer adverse impacts on other climate conditions. These results underline the need for comprehensive climate change policies that incorporate place-based solutions and extend beyond the nearly exclusive focus on summertime cooling.In the atmosphere, most biogenic terpenes undergo ozonolysis in the presence of water to form reactive α-hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-HHs), and the lifetimes of these α-HHs are a key parameter for understanding the processes that occur during the aging of atmospheric particles. selleck chemicals We previously reported that α-HHs generated by ozonolysis of terpenes decompose in water to give H2O2 and the corresponding aldehydes, which undergo hydration to form gem-diols. Herein, we report that this decomposition process was dramatically accelerated by acidification of the water with oxalic, acetic, hexanoic, cis-pinonic, or hydrochloric acid. In acidic solution, the temporal profiles of the α-HHs, detected as their chloride adducts by electrospray mass spectrometry, showed single-exponential decays in the pH range from 4.1 to 6.1, and the first-order rate coefficients (k) for the decays increased with decreasing pH. The lifetime of the α-HH derived from α-terpineol was 128 min (k = (1.3 ± 0.4) × 10-4 s-1) at pH 6.1 but only 8 min (k = (2.
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