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Schmitt Boswell posted an update 2 months ago
No significant differences in osteoclast number or eroded surface were observed at this time point. These data suggest that bone loss following fracture in Young Mice is concentrated in areas that contain a large amount of high-strain tissue, whereas bone loss in Middle-Aged mice is less region-dependent and is restricted to the trabecular bone compartment. These results illustrate how systemic bone loss after fracture could lead to decreases in vertebral strength, and how distinct regional patterns and age-dependent differences in bone loss may differentially affect vertebral fracture risk.
To evaluate the efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds (NAPs), compared to synthetic antimicrobials (SAs), in the biofilm control and microorganisms (MOs) count among children and adolescents at different intervention times through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VHL, and Grey Literature. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included. selleck compound Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the tools ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0. Meta-analyses (MAs) were performed according to three parameters the influence of NAPs on the plaque index (PI) mean; the period of NAPs administration (≤15 days/>15 days) on the biofilm reduction; and the influence of NAPs on the MOs count subgrouping according to the type of MO (total MOs, S. mutans, and Streptococcus spp.). The standard mean differences were calculated (p ≤ 0.05) for all analyses, and the heterogeneity was tested through the I
index. The evidence was certainty-tested using the GRADE approach.
Sixteen studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, and 12 studies were included in the MAs. NAPs were less efficacious in improving the PI (p < 0.0001, I
>87 %) and reducing biofilm over time (p < 0.01, I
>87 %) but presented a reduction in MOs count similar to that of SAs (p = 0.3, I
= 0%). The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to low.
Although the use of NAPs is similar to the use of SAs in reducing MOs count, it is less effective than SAs in improving PI mean and for biofilm reduction over time.
Although the use of NAPs is similar to the use of SAs in reducing MOs count, it is less effective than SAs in improving PI mean and for biofilm reduction over time.
The neonatal line (NNL) in enamel is hypomineralized, but quantitative data on the enamel component volumes of the NNL are lacking. This study aimed at quantifying the variation in the mineral, organic, and water volumes at the NNL and in pre- and postnatal enamel.
In buccal enamel longitudinal ground sections of exfoliated primary incisors (upper and lower; n = 17), the enamel component volumes were quantified at five histological sites (located at 40 μm intervals along a transversal line) the NNL, two sites in prenatal enamel, and two sites in postnatal enamel. Mineral volume was quantified using microradiography, and non-mineral volumes were quantified using polarizing microscopy.
Differences in component volumes between the NNL and pre- and postnatal enamel had high effect sizes (Hedge’s G ranging from 0.89, for the water volume, to 1.88, for the mineral volume; power > 90 %). The distance from the NNL correlated with the normalized component volume r = 0.459, 95 % CI = 0.274/0.612 (mineral); r = -0.504; 95 % CI= -0.328/-0.647 (organic), and r = -0.294; 95 % CI= -0.087/-0.476 (water). Approaching the NNL from postnatal enamel, the percentage differences in component volumes were -1.93 to -3.22 % for the mineral volume, +21.26 to +35.42 % for the organic volume, and +3.86 to +6.03 % for the water volume. Towards postnatal enamel, the percentage differences had the opposite trend.
The enamel NNL is slightly hypomineralized with an increased organic volume one order of magnitude higher than the percentage differences in both mineral and water volumes.
The enamel NNL is slightly hypomineralized with an increased organic volume one order of magnitude higher than the percentage differences in both mineral and water volumes.
This study investigated the behavior of fibroblasts from human periodontal ligament (hPLF) cultured on dental roots subjected to different protocols of citric acid conditioning.
32 human teeth extracted due to advanced periodontal disease provided 63 radicular fragments, which were randomly divided in groups according to the treatment given to the surface rinsing with saline solution for 90 s (C), 10 % citric acid (CA10), or 50 % citric acid (CA50). The treatments were applied during 90 s, 120 s and 180 s (n = 9). hPLF were cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h (n = 3) on the treated samples and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface area covered by cells and dentinal tubules widening.
Excepting group C, all the other groups showed almost complete coverage of root surface by hPLF with time. At 24 h of cell culture, the largest area of coverage was seen in the samples treated with CA10-90 (98 ± 0.89 %) at 24 h of cell culture and this difference was significant (p < 0.05) in comparison to CA10-180 (84.04 ± 5.01 %), CA50-90 (63.28 ± 12.46 %), CA50-180 (56.59 ± 8.76 %) and C (0.06 ± 0.11 %). In all the other comparisons, there was no statistically significant differences between CA10 and CA50 (p > 0.05). Cells grown on surfaces treated with CA10 were more spread and flatten than in the CA50 specimens.
Periodontally compromised roots surfaces conditioned with 10 % citric acid for 90 s resulted in better substrate for hPLF proliferation, in initial periods of culture than 50 % citric acid. The enlargement of the dentinal tubules did not seem to be influenced by the acid concentration.
Periodontally compromised roots surfaces conditioned with 10 % citric acid for 90 s resulted in better substrate for hPLF proliferation, in initial periods of culture than 50 % citric acid. The enlargement of the dentinal tubules did not seem to be influenced by the acid concentration.
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Start with a huge, uncovered box, or even a kiddie pool, and fill with a thick layer (about 6 inches) of unscented clay or fine sand-like particulate clumping/scoopable litter. For Ollie, you may need to play around with the substrate types to make it more natural. Try using soil or peat.