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Burks Mccray posted an update 6 months, 2 weeks ago
80±0.17) but increased for 15 mm (0.85±0.22, p = 0.024) and were located mostly laterally, close to the condylar center. This study confirmed higher reduction of TMJ space on the balancing than on the working condyle during mastication. Intra-articular distances increased significantly for the greatest bolus thickness. Loaded areas were located laterally, for both working and balancing joint.Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease. The cannula insertion process plays an important role in DBS. The friction force during needle insertion influences the precision of the insertion and the degree of damage to the brain tissue. This paper proposes a method of longitudinal vibration assisted insertion to reduce the friction during insertion and improve the effects of the insertion. Cannulas were inserted into twenty eight pig brains at multiple frequencies and fixed amplitudes, and the resulting friction force was measured. On this basis, the LuGre model was used to analyze the friction force trend under vibration-assisted conditions. The frictional forces of vibration-assisted insertion with frequencies ranging from 200-1200 Hz and an amplitude of 1 μm were measured. The results show that the friction between the needle shaft and the tissue is smaller with vibration than without vibration. In this experiment, the friction is reduced by up to 24.43%. The friction force trend of vibration-assisted insertion conforms to the simulation results of the LuGre model.The standard camera- and force plate-based set-up for motion analysis suffers from the disadvantage of being limited to laboratory settings. Since adaptive algorithms are able to learn the connection between known inputs and outputs and generalise this knowledge to unknown data, these algorithms can be used to leverage motion analysis outside the laboratory. In most biomechanical applications, feedforward neural networks are used, although these networks can only work on time normalised data, while recurrent neural networks can be used for real time applications. Therefore, this study compares the performance of these two kinds of neural networks on the prediction of ground reaction force and joint moments of the lower limbs during gait based on joint angles determined by optical motion capture as input data. The accuracy of both networks when generalising to new data was assessed using the normalised root-mean-squared error, the root-mean-squared error and the correlation coefficient as evaluation metrics. Both neural networks demonstrated a high performance and good capabilities to generalise to new data. The mean prediction accuracy over all parameters applying a feedforward network was higher (r = 0.963) than using a recurrent long short-term memory network (r = 0.935).Magnesium is an essential element for the ocular functions and used for the realization of medical devices due to its low corrosion resistance, bioresorbable nature and biocompatibility. Wet age-related macular degeneration is one of the main causes of blindness with patients treated by intravitreal injections of inhibitor drugs. According to the need to reduce the number of injections, the development of new drug delivery devices able to extend the therapeutical outcomes is mandatory and magnesium can be considered as a promising candidate. The aim of the work concerns the evaluation of the ocular fluid dynamic role on a magnesium-based device placed in the vitreous chamber. Particularly, the fluid-induced shear stress field on the surfaces in contact with the liquefied vitreous was studied. Both computational fluid dynamic and fluid-structure interaction approaches were proposed and then compared. Saccadic motion was implemented to recreate the vitreous fluid dynamics. High changes in terms of fluid-induced shear stress field varying the CFD and FSI numerical approaches and kinematic parameters of the saccadic function can be noticed. The comparison between CFD and FSI approaches showed minor significant differences and both implementations suggested the possibility to obtain a uniform and controlled corrosion of the device.Some studies have used load cells (LC) to measure the force applied to horizontal handrails, but no work has validated an inclined set-up that can be used to bring new insights into handrail use during staircase gait. The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of an inclined handrail set-up instrumented with LC. A handrail set-up designed to be easily reconstructed and integrating two commercial LC is proposed. Twenty points were tested along the handrail, with four reference weights in the three orthogonal directions of the sensors (Medio-Lateral, Antero-Posterior, Vertical). For each direction, the percentage (%) of error and the cross-talk between the known and recorded forces were calculated. A linear regression of the % error was performed to evaluate measurement accuracy in relation to point of application along the handrail. The current easily replicated set-up of an inclined handrail showed accurate measures with low cross-talk. The percentage of error and cross-talk were below 3.7% and 3.7%, respectively, consistent with previous studies evaluating inclined handrail with other methods. The error and cross-talk were greater in the Medio-Lateral and Antero-Posterior directions. The error in the Antero-Posterior direction was larger over the upper part of the handrail.In total hip arthroplasty insufficient primary stability with excessive bone-implant micromotion is a major reason for aseptic loosening at the acetabular cup implant. In the literature, several methods were proposed for in vitro micromotion measurement, but none is capable of six degrees of freedom measurement at a large number of measuring points over the entire acetabular bone-implant interface, which was the aim of the current scientific work. A pin-sleeve sensor system was developed and an appropriate installing technique was incorporated. Micromotions were transmitted from the internal interface to the accessible periphery. Motion data of the sensors were optically tracked. A calculation algorithm was conceived, discretizing superimposed rotational and translational components. Etrasimod The method was tested and subsequently applied to a cementless revision cup implanted into an artificial hemipelvic bone featuring a typical bone defect. Using eighteen sensors in positions across the acetabular bone-implant interface, micromotion magnitudes from 59 µm ± 2 µm to 222 µm ± 5 µm were detected.
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