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Hessellund Goodwin posted an update a month ago
The incidence and clinical features of the malignant transformation of benign meningiomas are poorly understood. CUDC-101 concentration This study examined the risk of the malignant transformation of benign meningiomas after surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery.
We systematically reviewed studies published between 1979 and 2019 using PubMed, Scopus, and other sources. We analyzed pooled data according to the PRISMA guideline to clarify the incidence rate of malignant transformation (IMT) and factors affecting malignant transformation in surgically or radiosurgically treated benign meningiomas.
IMT was 2.98/1000 patient-years (95% confidence interval = 1.9-4.3) in 13 studies in a single-arm meta-analysis. Although the evidence level of the included studies was low, the heterogeneity of the incidence was mostly explained by the tumor location. In meta-regression analysis, skull base tumors had a significantly lower IMT than non-skull base tumors, but no gender association was observed. IMT after radiosurgery in 9 studies was 0.50/1000 person-years (95% CI = 0.02-1.38). However, a higher proportion of skull base tumors, lower proportion of males, and lower salvage surgery rate were observed in the radiosurgery group than in the surgery group. The median time to malignant change was 5 years (interquartile range = 2.5-8.2), and the median survival after malignant transformation was 4.7 years (95% CI = 3.7-8) in individual case data.
IMT of benign meningioma was significantly affected by the tumor location. Radiosurgery did not appear to increase IMT, but exact comparisons were difficult because of differences in study populations.
IMT of benign meningioma was significantly affected by the tumor location. Radiosurgery did not appear to increase IMT, but exact comparisons were difficult because of differences in study populations.Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are a group of rare, but severe autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve(s) and/or spinal cord. Although naive B cells are considered key players by escaping central tolerance checkpoints, it remains unclear how their composition and outgrowth differ in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Under complete treatment-naive circumstances, we found that naive mature/transitional B-cell ratios were reduced in the blood of 10 patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive disease (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders) as compared to 11 both age- and gender-matched healthy controls, eight patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G-associated disorders and 10 patients with multiple sclerosis. This was the result of increased proportions of transitional B cells, which were the highest in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with relapses and strongly diminished in a separate group of nirts further exploration of naive B cells for their use in Toll-like receptor 9-dependent in vitro platforms in order to predict the activity of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.In an acute ischaemic stroke, understanding the dynamics of blood-brain barrier injury is of particular importance for the prevention of symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation. However, the available techniques assessing blood-brain barrier permeability are not quantitative and are little used in the context of acute reperfusion therapy. Nanoparticles cross the healthy or impaired blood-brain barrier through combined passive and active processes. Imaging and quantifying their transfer rate could better characterize blood-brain barrier damage and refine the delivery of neuroprotective agents. We previously developed an original endovascular stroke model of acute ischaemic stroke treated by mechanical thrombectomy followed by positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral capillary permeability was quantified for two molecule sizes small clinical gadolinium Gd-DOTA ( less then 1 nm) and AGuIX® nanoparticles (∼5 nm) used for brain theranostics. On dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the baseline transfer constant Ktrans was 0.94 and 0.16 ×10-3 min-1, respectively, in the normal brain parenchyma, consistent with their respective sizes, and 1.90 and 2.86 ×10-3 min-1 in choroid plexus, confirming higher permeability than brain parenchyma. At early reperfusion, Ktrans for both Gd-DOTA and AGuIX® nanoparticles was significantly higher within the ischaemic area compared to the contralateral hemisphere; 2.23 and 0.82 ×10-3 min-1 for Gd-DOTA and AGuIX® nanoparticles, respectively. With AGuIX® nanoparticles, Ktrans also increased within the ischaemic growth areas, suggesting added value for AGuIX®. Finally, Ktrans was significantly lower in both the lesion and the choroid plexus in a drug-treated group (ciclosporin A, n = 7) compared to placebo (n = 5). Ktrans quantification with AGuIX® nanoparticles can monitor early blood-brain barrier damage and treatment effect in ischaemic stroke after reperfusion.Biological subtypes in Alzheimer’s disease, originally identified on neuropathological data, have been translated to in vivo biomarkers such as structural magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, to disentangle the heterogeneity within Alzheimer’s disease. Although there is methodological variability across studies, comparable characteristics of subtypes are reported at the group level. In this study, we investigated whether group-level similarities translate to individual-level agreement across subtyping methods, in a head-to-head context. We compared five previously published subtyping methods. Firstly, we validated the subtyping methods in 89 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer’s disease dementia patients (reference group 70 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Secondly, we extended and applied the subtyping methods to 53 amyloid-beta positive prodromal Alzheimer’s disease and 30 amyloid-beta positive Alzheimer’s disease dementia patients (reference group 200 amyloid-beta negative healthy individuals) using structural magnetic resonance imaging and tau positron emission tomography.