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Cullen Lloyd posted an update 6 months, 2 weeks ago
Environmental and lifestyle factors are believed to account for >80% of breast cancers; however, it is not well understood how and when these factors affect risk and which exposed individuals will actually develop the disease. While alcohol consumption, obesity, and hormone therapy are some known risk factors for breast cancer, other exposures associated with breast cancer risk have not yet been identified or well characterized. In this paper, it is proposed that the identification of blood epigenetic markers for personal, in utero, and ancestral environmental exposures can help researchers better understand known and potential relationships between exposures and breast cancer risk and may enable personalized prevention strategies.There is a growing literature that has documented diminishing health returns on upward social mobility among Black Americans. Due to historical policies and practices, upward social mobility is often an arduous, isolating process for Black Americans, especially as they navigate predominately white educational and workplace settings. This paper advances the literature in several meaningful and innovative ways. The goal of this paper is to provide a qualitative account of the health costs of upward social mobility and describe how these costs could diminish health returns despite greater levels of socioeconomic resources. Focus groups and surveys were the data collection methods for the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were that respondents identified as African American or Black, were 24 years or older and had completed college. The total sample was 32 college-educated Black men (n = 12) and women (n = 20). The mean age for men was 39 (range = 26-50) and 33 years of age (range = 24-59) for women. Key findings highlighted in this paper include (1) hypervisibility and subsequent vigilance; (2) uplift stress; and (3) health costs associated with social mobility. The sum of these stressors is posited to affect multiple health outcomes and elucidate the mechanisms through which socioeconomic returns on health are diminished.Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition associated with psychological conditions and chronic diseases that may be underpinned by dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation. The objective of this pilot study was to determine psychological, ANS , HPA (salivary cortisol) and inflammatory (salivary C-Reactive Protein) responses to a bout of vigorous exercise in male first responders, military veterans and active duty personnel with (n = 4) and without (n = 4) PTSD. Participants (50.1 ± 14.8 years) performed a thirteen-minute, vigorous intensity (70%-80% of heart rate max), one-on-one boxing session with a certified coach. Physiological and psychological parameters were measured before, during, immediately after to 30 min post-exercise, and then at 24 h and 48 h post. The effect sizes demonstrated large to very large reductions in HRV that lasted up to 48 h post-exercise in the PTSD group compared with unclear effects in the trauma-exposed control (TEC) group. There were unclear effects for depression, anxiety and stress as well as salivary biomarkers for both groups at all time-points. Findings may reflect stress-induced changes to the ANS for PTSD sufferers.Objectives-Failure to thrive (FTT) in infants is characterized by growth failure. Although, cow’s milk allergy (CMA) may have an impact on growth and leads to FTT, data are still limited. We focused on FTT as a possible clinical marker for an early diagnosis of CMA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implications of cow’s milk hypersensitivity in infants with FTT and the growth catch-up after a cow’s milk-free diet (CMFD). Methods-A cross-sectional study of all consecutive infants evaluated at the Pediatric Nutrition and Allergy Unit of the University Hospital of Bari (Italy) from January 2016 to April 2018 with a medical-driven diagnosis of FTT. Eligible infants were investigated for possible IgE mediated or non-IgE mediated CMA. Results-43 infants were included, mean age 5.7 months. 33/43 (77%) FTT presented a CMA related disease 3/43 (7%) were diagnosed as presenting an IgE mediated CMA, 30 (93%) had a non IgE-mediated CMA, confirmed by the elimination diet for diagnostic purposes, that led to a significant improvement of symptoms and recrudescence after milk reintroduction. Propionyl-L-carnitine A total of 29 out of 30 patients (one patient was lost at follow-up) moved up to their original growth percentile after dietary changes. Growth z-scores were computed based on WHO anthropometric data. In 10 out of 43 patients (23%) were diagnosed with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Conclusions-when evaluating an infant with FTT, physicians should include in their evaluation an extensive search for IgE mediated and non IgE mediated CMA. When in vivo and in vitro analysis are not conclusive, a 4- to 8-weeks trial of CMFD and a consecutive re-introduction of milk proteins may be helpful in less common diagnoses.OBJECTIVE To describe how the assessors of dependency have perceived the process of implementation of the Dependency Act in Spain. METHODS A qualitative method was used to analyse interview data (discourse analysis). Purposive sampling was applied. Sixteen occupational therapists were included, who served as dependency assessors in Extremadura, a region of southern Spain. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between February and March 2019, focused on the characteristic of the Dependency Act. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using processes of open, axial, and selective coding, as well as the constant comparative method. RESULTS Three topics were identified (1) Benefits of implementation, connected with the consideration as subjects of rights and the increase in resources. (2) Difficulties linked to the bureaucratization of the process, the lack of sensitivity of the scale of assessment, and the unequal access to benefits and services. (3) The impact of the 2012 budget cuts on financing and on dependent people and their families.
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