-
Mcneil Slaughter posted an update 6 months, 1 week ago
In veterinary and human medicine, gabapentin (a chemical analog of γ-aminobutyric acid) is commonly prescribed to treatpostoperative and chronic neuropathic pain. This study explored the pharmacokinetics of oral and subcutaneous administrationof gabapentin at high (80 mg/kg) and low (30 mg/kg) doses as a potential analgesic in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomysludovicianus; n = 24). The doses (30 and 80 mg/kg) and half maximal effective concentration (1.4 to 16.7 ng/mL) for this study were extrapolated from pharmacokinetic efficacy studies in rats, rabbits, and cats. Gabapentin in plasma was measured byusing an immunoassay, and data were evaluated using noncompartmental analysis. The peak plasma concentrations (mean± 1 SD) were 42.6 ± 14.8 and 115.5 ± 15.2 ng/mL, respectively, after 30 and 80 mg/kg SC and 14.5 ± 3.5 and 20.7 ± 6.1 ng/mL after the low and high oral dosages, respectively. All peak plasma concentrations of gabapentin occurred within 5 h of administration. Disappearance half-lives for the low and high oral doses were 7.4 ± 6.0 h and 5.0 ± 0.8 h, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that oral administration of gabapentin at low (30 mg/kg) doses likely would achieve and maintain plasma concentrations at half maximum effective concentration for 12 h, making it a viable option for an every 12-h treatment.It is known that the level of dietary protein modulates the enzymatic activity of the digestive tract of fish; however, its effect at the molecular level on these enzymes and the hormones regulating appetite has not been well characterised. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CP on the activity of proteases and the expression of genes related to the ingestion and protein digestion of juveniles of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), as well as the effects on performance, protein retention and body composition of tilapia. A total of 240 juveniles (29.32 ± 5.19 g) were used, distributed across 20 tanks of 100 l in a closed recirculation system. The fish were fed to apparent satiety for 42 days using four isoenergetic diets with different CP levels (24%, 30%, 36% and 42%). The results indicate that fish fed the 30% CP diet exhibited a higher growth performance compared to those on the 42% CP diet (P 0.05). In addition, the diet with 42% CP resulted in a decrease (P less then 0.05) in the expression of ghrelin and insulin and an increase (P less then 0.05) in the expression of cholecystokinin and peptide yy. It is concluded that variation in dietary protein promoted changes in the metabolism of the red tilapia, which was reflected in proteolytic activity and expression of digestion and appetite-regulating genes.OBJECTIVE Routine coagulation testing is rarely indicated in the emergency department. Our goal is to determine the combined effects of uncoupling routine coagulation testing (i.e., international normalized ratio ; activated partial thromboplastin time ), disseminating an educational module, and implementing a clinical decision support system (CDSS) on coagulation testing rates in two academic emergency departments. METHODS A prospective pre-post study of INR-aPTT uncoupling, educational module distribution, and CDSS implementation in two academic emergency departments. All patients ages 18 years and older undergoing evaluation and treatment during the period of August 1, 2015, to November 30, 2017, were included. Primary outcome was coagulation testing utilization during the emergency department encounter. Secondary outcomes included associated costs, frequency of downstream testing, and frequency of blood transfusions. RESULTS Uncoupling INR-aPTT testing combined with educational module distribution and CDSS implementation resulted in significantly decreased coupled INR-aPTT testing, with significantly increased selective INR and aPTT testing. Overall, the aggregate rate of coagulation testing declined for both INR and aPTT testing (48 tests/100 patients/day to 26 tests/100 patients/day). There was a significant decrease in associated daily costs (median cost per day $1048.32 v. $601.68), realizing estimated annual savings of $163,023 Canadian dollars (CAD). There was no signal of increased downstream testing or patient blood product requirements. CONCLUSION Compared to baseline practice patterns, our multimodal initiative significantly decreased coagulation testing, with meaningful cost savings and without evidence of patient harm. Clinicians and administrators now have a growing toolkit to target the plethora of low-value tests and treatments in emergency medicine.The present study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance.A total of 1,500 individuals who were not on vitamin D supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study(CURES) follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical examination and biochemical investigations (25-hydroxyvitamin D , insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipids) were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D less then 20.0 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20 – 29.9 ng/ml and sufficiency as ≥ 30 ng/ml.Of the 1,500 individuals studied, 45% were males and the mean age was 46±12 years. Vitamin D levels lowered with increasing degrees of glucose tolerance (NGT 21 ± 11; prediabetes 19 ± 10; T2DM 18 ± 11 ng/ml, p less then 0.001). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55% and was significantly higher among individuals with T2DM (63%) followed by prediabetes(58%) and NGT(51%) . Women had 1.6 times the risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to men (Unadjusted OR1.6, 95% CI 1.3 -2 and adjusted OR1.6, 95% CI 1.2-1.9). However, there was no increasing trend observed with increasing age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (66% vs. 49%), generalized obesity (80% vs. 64%), metabolic syndrome (45% vs. 37%), and insulin resistance (38% vs. 27%) was significantly higher in those with vitamin D deficiency compared to those without respectively. AU-15330 chemical structure This study shows that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in this urban South Indian population and was higher among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes compared to those with NGT.
Please follow & like us :)
All content contained on CatsWannaBeCats.Com, unless otherwise acknowledged,is the property of CatsWannaBeCats.Com and subject to copyright.