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Loft Brewer posted an update 6 months ago
Mammalian pluripotent stem cells are thought to exist in two states naïve and primed states. selleck Generally, unlike those in rodents, pluripotent stem cells in primates including humans are regarded as being in the primed pluripotent state. Recently, several groups reported the existence of naïve pluripotent stem cells in humans. In this study, we report the conversion of primed state embryonic stem cells from common marmoset, a New World monkey, to the naïve state by using transgenes. The cells showed typical naïve state features including dome-like colony morphology, growth factor requirement, gene expression profile, X chromosome activation state, and energy metabolic status. Moreover, interspecies chimeric embryo formation ability with mouse embryos was increased in the naïve state. This technique can be applied in basic medical research using non-human primates such as preclinical use of naïve pluripotent stem cells and generating genetically modified primates.The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8-18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.Introduction Mental health mobile apps (MHapps) can provide depression treatment to people worldwide who do not have access to care, but few apps are culturally targeted to the population. In this series of studies, we described sociocultural considerations of MHapp development, and we explored participants’ perceptions of acceptability, usability, and cultural relevance of the MHapp. Method Individual interviews were conducted in three separate primary care sites in the Dominican Republic among convenience samples of staff and patients (n = 23, 18, and 21, respectively), using mixed methods of data collection. Results Modifications were made during the iterative design process to reflect user preferences, which included a female gendered voice, the addition of animations, and changes to the psychoeducational content. Discussion Primary care patients reported strong interest in MHapps due to its convenience, privacy, and affordability. Our findings support the necessity of detailed examination of user preferences to develop culturally congruent MHapp psychoeducation.Emotion understanding is a crucial skill for early social development, yet little is known regarding longitudinal development of this skill from infancy to early childhood. To address this issue, the present longitudinal study followed 40 participants from 9 to 30 months. Intermodal emotion matching was assessed using eye tracking at 9, 15, and 21 months, and emotion understanding was measured using the Affective Knowledge Test at 30 months of age. A novelty preference on the emotion matching task at 15 months (but not at 9 or 21 months) significantly predicted emotion understanding performance at 30 months. However, linear and quadratic trajectories for emotion matching development across 9- to 21-months did not predict later emotion understanding. No gender differences were observed in emotion matching or emotion understanding. These results hold implications for better understanding how infant emotion matching may relate to later emotion understanding, and the role that infant emotion perception may play in early emotional development.Underworking (i.e. shirking) and overworking of employees can have detrimental effects for the individual and the organisation. We develop a computational model to investigate how work structure, specifically the way in which managers distribute work tasks amongst employees, impacts work intensity and working time. The model draws on theories from economics, psychology and management, and on empirical observations. The simulations show that when managers correctly estimate task difficulty, but undervalue the employee’s competence, opportunities for shirking are provided due to longer deadlines. Similarly, if managers overvalue the employee’s competence, they set tighter deadlines leading to overwork. If task difficulty is misjudged, initially only influence on employee working time is observed. However, it gradually generates competence misjudgements, indirectly impacting the employee’s effort level. An interaction between competency misjudgement and task uncertainty slows the manager’s ability to correctly estimate employee competence, and prolongs initial competency misjudgements. The study highlights the importance of applying dynamic modelling methods, which allows for testing theory assumptions in silico, generating new hypotheses and offers a foundation for future research.A computational model was developed to investigate how the structure of work allocation influences opportunities for shirking and overworking by employees. The paper demonstrates how dynamic modelling can be used to explain workplace phenomena and develop new hypotheses for further research.Aiming at exploring an effective photocatalytic adsorbent for organic dye removal, a series of heterostructured TiO2@HKUST-1 photocatalysts, by incorporating HKUST-1 with different TiO2 nanoparticles loading, were prepared by single-step hydrothermal method. The morphology and surface characteristics of the as-prepared TiO2@HKUST-1were analyzed using SEM, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-vis DRS, and Photoluminescence techniques. The adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of the model dye methylene blue (MB) on the catalysts was investigated. It was indicated that the introduction of a certain amount of TiO2 on the surface of HKUST-1 could improve the transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carriers, resulting in the enhanced photocatalytic activity. The optimal 0.02TiO2@HKUST-1 exhibited the highest MB removal rate with about 4.4 and 19.3 times as high MB removal efficiency as that of HKUST-1 and TiO2, respectively. Heterostructured TiO2@HKUST-1 materials for the removal of MB involved the integrated adsorption and visible light photocatalysis.
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