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Lundberg Ferguson posted an update 5 months, 4 weeks ago
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common X-linked enzymopathy, highly prevalent in the areas where malaria is or has been endemic. Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and characterization of G6PD variants in females from previously malaria-endemic areas of northeastern Thailand remain unstudied.
Prevalence of G6PD deficiency was determined by a fluorescent spot test (FST), quantitative G6PD activity assay, and multiplex allele-specific (AS)- and restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP)-PCR developed for detection of common G6PD variants in the Thai population.
Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in female samples (n = 355) was 18% by FST, 29.6% by quantitation of G6PD activity, and 28.1% by PCR-based genotyping. The most common variant was G6PD Viangchan (54%), followed by G6PD Canton (11%) and G6PD Union (11%); in addition, a novel heterozygous variant, G6PD Khon Kaen (c.305T>C, p.F102S), was identified. The majority of heterozygotes expressed G6PD activity within the intermediate deficiency range (30-70% median of normal enzyme activity).
High prevalence of G6PD deficiency was present in females from northeastern Thailand, the majority being due to heterozygosity of G6PD variants. The findings will have a bearing on the inclusion of primaquine in antimalarial-based policies for malaria elimination in populations with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency.
High prevalence of G6PD deficiency was present in females from northeastern Thailand, the majority being due to heterozygosity of G6PD variants. The findings will have a bearing on the inclusion of primaquine in antimalarial-based policies for malaria elimination in populations with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency.Anemia is a global health problem affecting one-third of the world population, and half of the cases are due to iron deficiency (ID). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the leading cause of disability in several countries. Although multiple mechanisms may coexist, ID and IDA causes can be classified as i) insufficient iron intake for the body requirement, ii) reduced absorption, and iii) blood losses. Oral iron represents the mainstay of IDA treatment. IDA is defined as “refractory” when the hematologic response after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment with oral iron (an increase of >=1 g/dL of Hb) is absent. The cause of iron-refractory anemia is usually acquired and frequently related to gastrointestinal pathologies, although a rare genetic form called iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) exists. In some pathological circumstances, either genetic or acquired, hepcidin increases, limiting the absorption in the gut, remobilization, and recycling of iron, thereby reducing iron plasma levels. Indeed, conditions with high hepcidin levels are often under-recognized as iron refractory, leading to inappropriate and unsuccessful treatments. This review provides an overview of the iron refractory anemia underlying conditions, from gastrointestinal pathologies to hepcidin dysregulation and iatrogenic or provoked conditions, and the specific diagnostic and treatment approach.This article seeks to establish the role of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in climate governance in pursuit of sustainable development in rural Zimbabwe. Rural communities in the developing world suffer the most from the negative effects of climate change. As such, their success in combating the effects of climate change is through establishing culture-specific methods. Danicamtiv These methods constitute what I refer to in this article as climate governance through IKS. The impacts of climate change faced by rural communities include water shortages, drought, and floods, to mention a few. Drought is anticipated to bring about adverse consequences to water supply, which negatively affects food production and the environment in its entirety. Hence, this study investigates the methods of IKS water harvesting and other IKS-based adaptation and overall governance methods. The study employed a qualitative method in which participants took part in in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion (FGD) and data was analysed through thematic content analysis (TCA) and grounded theory. The study found that the role of spirit mediums and spirituality is essential in IKS climate governance. It also established that one of the most famous forms of climate change adaptation strategies in Mutoko district is IKS-based irrigation. The role of social networks was found to be essential in the sharing of ideas pertaining to irrigation and other adaptive methods of farming. Through the findings of the study, I developed a model that reflects and interprets indigenous-based climate governance structure in Mutoko district.Several variants of models for predicting the IC50 values of inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase are presented for both individual strains and also for combinations of data for neuraminidases of several strains. They are based on the use of calculated energy contributions to the amount of change in the free energy of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. In contrast to previous works, aimed at the complex modeling, we added a procedure of comparison of the docking variants with one of the neuraminidase inhibitors, for which the structure of the complexes was determined experimentally. Selection of reference molecules for the comparison of structure similarity was made using the Tanimoto metrics and the limit of the RMSD value for a similar part of the structure was no more than 2 Å. Using this limitation and filtering datasets for a particular strain by the Q2 value obtained in the leave-one-out control procedure it was possible to construct equations for predicting the IC50 value with a Q2 value close to the minimum confidence threshold (0.57 in this work). Taking into consideration that in this version of the prediction models, a minimum set of energy contributions is used, which does not employ expensive calculations of entropy contributions, the result obtained supports the correctness of using a generalized model based on the data on the position of known ligands to predict the inhibition of neuraminidase of the influenza virus of various strains.
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