-
Goodwin Iversen posted an update 6 months, 3 weeks ago
Being able to monitor PM2.5 across a range of scales is incredibly important for our ability to understand and counteract air pollution. Remote monitoring PM2.5 using satellite-based data would be incredibly advantageous to this effort, but current machine learning methods lack necessary interpretability and predictive accuracy. This study details the development of a new Spatial-Temporal Interpretable Deep Learning Model (SIDLM) to improve the interpretability and predictive accuracy of satellite-based PM2.5 measurements. In contrast to traditional deep learning models, the SIDLM is both “wide” and “deep.” We comprehensively evaluated the proposed model in China using different input data (top-of-atmosphere (TOA) measurements-based and aerosol optical depth (AOD)-based, with or without meteorological data) and different spatial resolutions (10 km, 3 km, and 250 m). TOA-based SIDLM PM2.5 achieved the best predictive accuracy in China, with root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of 15.30 and 15.96 μg/m3, and R2 values of 0.70 and 0.66 for PM2.5 predictions at 10 km and 3 km spatial resolutions, respectively. Additionally, we tested the SIDLM in PM2.5 retrievals at a 250 m spatial resolution over Beijing, China (RMSE = 16.01 μg/m3, R2 = 0.62). Furthermore, SIDLM demonstrated higher accuracy than five machine learning inversion methods, and also outperformed them regarding feature extraction and the interpretability of its inversion results. In particular, modeling results indicated the strong influence of the Tongzhou district on the principle PM2.5 in the Beijing urban area. SIDLM-extracted temporal characteristics revealed that summer months (June-August) might have contributed less to PM2.5 concentrations, indicating the limited accumulation of PM2.5 in these months. Our study shows that SIDLM could become an important tool for other earth observation data in deep learning-based predictions and spatiotemporal analysis.Plastic particles are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater environments. While many studies have focused on the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic environments there is no clear conclusion on their environmental risk, which can be attributed to a lack of standardization of protocols for in situ sampling, laboratory experiments and analyzes. There are also far more studies concerning marine environments than fresh or brackish waters despite their role in the transfer of plastics from continents to oceansWe systematically reviewed the literature for studies (1) using plastics representative of those found in the environment in laboratory experiments, (2) on the contamination of plastic particles in the continuum between fresh and marine waters, focusing in particular on estuaries and (3) on the continuum of contamination of plastic particles between species through trophic transfer in aquatic environments. We found that the exposure of aquatic organisms in the laboratory to plastic particles collected in the environment are very scarce. Moreover, plastic exposures of estuarine species in the laboratory are generally carried out for a single salinity and a single temperature that do not reflect the fluctuating environmental conditions of estuaries. Finally, the trophic transfer of plastic particles is mainly studied in the laboratory through simple food chains which are not representative of the complexity of the trophic networks observed in the aquatic environment. We pointed out that future studies in the laboratory should include both MPs and NPs sampled in the environment and focus on the precise characterization of the composition and surface of these plastics as well as on their absorbed pollutants, additives or biofilms. Moreover, investigations must be continued concerning the toxicity of plastic particles in brackish water environments such as estuaries and the trophic transfer of plastic particles in complex food chains.In this study, we analyzed 30 legacy and emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in paired atmospheric particulate and bark samples collected around a Chinese fluorochemical manufacturing park (FMP), with the aim to explore the sources of PFASs in tree bark. The results showed that PFASs in atmospheric particulate and tree bark samples were consistently dominated by perfluorooctanoate (mean 73 ng/g; 44 pg/m3), perfluorohexanoate (47 ng/g; 36 pg/m3), perfluorononanoate (9.1 ng/g; 8.8 pg/m3), and 102 fluorotelomer alcohol (102 FTOH; 5.6 ng/g; 12 pg/m3). Spatially, concentrations of C8-C12 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and 102 FTOH all showed a similar and exponentially decreased trend in both bark and atmospheric particulate samples with the increasing distance from the FMP. For the first time, we observed strongly significant (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.53-0.79, p less then 0.01) correlations between bark and atmospheric particulate concentrations for C8-C12 PFCAs and 102 FTOH over 1-2 orders of magnitude, suggesting that the continues trapping of atmospheric particulates resulted in the accumulation of these compounds in bark. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that atmospheric particulate is an obvious source of C8-C12 PFCAs and 102 FTOH in tree bark. This result may further contribute to the application of tree bark as an indicator of certain PFASs in atmospheric particulate.Elimination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from excess activated sludge (EAS) mixed for effective treatment of different fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) by using a novel vermireactor consisted of substrate and bed compartments was investigated. ARGs (tet G, tet M and sul 1) and mobile genetic element gene (intl 1) were targeted and, through quantitative analysis of their abundances in both the compartments and the fresh cast of earthworms, significant reductions in substrate compartments were confirmed for the treatments for FVW added with EAS and EAS alone even if the reduction extents differed among the types of FVW. Apparent reductions were not found in the bed compartment where the final products accumulated. OSS_128167 datasheet For the fresh cast, the relative abundances of ARGs and intl 1 against to the total bacterial 16S rDNA decreased markedly. The present study provided an insight for proper controlling of ARGs during vermicomposting of FVW and EAS.
Please follow & like us :)
All content contained on CatsWannaBeCats.Com, unless otherwise acknowledged,is the property of CatsWannaBeCats.Com and subject to copyright.