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Dinesen Pena posted an update 6 months, 1 week ago
To explore the oral health care experience of individuals with intellectual disability and their families.
A qualitative approach utilising face-to-face semi-structured interviews with parents of individuals with intellectual disability. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and Qualitative Framework Analysis was used to present the results.
Twenty-six parents of 26 individuals with intellectual disability were interviewed. The interviewees were 10 males and 16 females, and their average age was 46.4 ± 11.2years (range 28-66). The average age of individuals with intellectual disability was 17.9 ± 9.2years (range 6-48), and there were 11 (42.3%) males and 15 (57.7%) females. The interviewees reported that challenges to oral health care do occur on multiple levels (a) home environment; (b) primary dental care; (c) secondary dental care facilities; (d) health and education policies and systems; and (e) societal views on individuals with intellectual disability.
Individuals with intellectual disability and their families are being failed at multiple levels of oral health care, leaving parents feeling frustrated, isolated, and sometimes helpless. Collaborative efforts are needed to train families to prevent oral health disease at home, establish better primary and secondary oral health care systems, and overcome wider cultural, social, and economic barriers.
Individuals with intellectual disability and their families are being failed at multiple levels of oral health care, leaving parents feeling frustrated, isolated, and sometimes helpless. read more Collaborative efforts are needed to train families to prevent oral health disease at home, establish better primary and secondary oral health care systems, and overcome wider cultural, social, and economic barriers.Sierra Leone constitutes the western boundary to the West Africa Upper Guinea Rainforest, one of 35 global biodiversity hotspots. The country is home to the third-largest western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) population, a subspecies upgraded to Critically Endangered on the 2016 IUCN Red List. The main threats facing chimpanzees in Sierra Leone are habitat loss and increasing interactions with humans. The Mobonda Community Conservation Project (MCCP) is a component of Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary’s Community Outreach Program and Kids Environmental Education Program. The aim of MCCP is to promote community-based forest management in combination with wildlife conservation through carefully designed programs that benefit communities, wildlife, and ecologically significant habitats. MCCP also aims to promote self-sustained and integrated community landscape conservation, to facilitate policy discussions to strengthen wildlife laws, and to build the capacity of the Government to implement community-based wildlife and forestry protection projects. Since Tacugama began collecting data in Moyamba District in June 2015, the project has evolved into an assembly of components. MCCP currently works with five communities, running programs including environmental education, ecological research, biomonitoring including wildlife law enforcement, habitat rehabilitation through reforestation of identified wildlife corridors, improved sustainable livelihoods, and ecotourism initiatives. These programs contributed to a reduction in the threats facing wildlife in the area; the project has seen stable chimpanzee numbers where decrements to chimpanzee populations continue to be experienced elsewhere. Other MCCP outcomes include boosted sustainable agricultural production and higher oyster yields while decreasing the negative impact on the mangrove ecosystem allowing it to recover and support an array of important fauna and flora.Optimal DNA damage response is associated with ADP-ribosylation of histones. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of DNA damage-induced histone ADP-ribosylation remains elusive. Herein, using unbiased mass spectrometry, we identify that glutamate residue 141 (E141) of variant histone H2AX is ADP-ribosylated following oxidative DNA damage. In-depth studies performed with wild-type H2AX and the ADP-ribosylation-deficient E141A mutant suggest that H2AX ADP-ribosylation plays a critical role in base excision repair (BER). Mechanistically, ADP-ribosylation on E141 mediates the recruitment of Neil3 glycosylase to the sites of DNA damage for BER. Moreover, loss of this ADP-ribosylation enhances serine-139 phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX) upon oxidative DNA damage and erroneously causes the accumulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) response factors. Taken together, these results reveal that H2AX ADP-ribosylation not only facilitates BER repair, but also suppresses the γH2AX-mediated DSB response.
Childhood hearing loss impacts linguistic, academic, social, and psychologic development, and may have lasting implications for future workforce performance. Current evidence for obesity as a pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) risk factor is intriguing but equivocal. We hypothesized that obesity is associated with a higher risk of SNHL. We additionally examined whether underweight is associated with a higher risk of SNHL.
Retrospective database review.
A single-institution audiologic database from 2015 to 2020 was queried for audiograms with type-A tympanograms from children aged 5 to 18 years old. Comorbidities known to be associated with hearing loss were excluded. We then examined both for sub-clinical (≥15 dB) high- or low-frequency hearing loss, and for clinical (≥21 dB) hearing loss, with the aim of examining the association between obesity and SNHL. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism.
A total of 3,142 children were included. Obesity was not associated with risk of SNHL (adjusted OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.60, 1.12). Underweight children had a higher risk of SNHL than normal weight children (adjusted OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.08, 2.95). Autism was significantly associated with increased risk of sub-clinical SNHL only (adjusted OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.34, 2.98).
No association was found between obesity and pediatric SNHL. Underweight children may represent a higher-risk population for SNHL. There appears to be an increasing risk of SNHL as children approach adolescence. Further study of systemic risk factors for SNHL is indicated.
3 Laryngoscope, 2020.
3 Laryngoscope, 2020.
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