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Huffman Vinding posted an update 6 months ago
Onychomycoses are difficult-to-treat fungal infections with a high recurrence rate that relates to the anatomic and pathophysiological conditions in the nail organ and the required extended duration of treatment. Clinical-epidemiological studies demonstrated that non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts are the primary causative agents in 20%-30% of onychomycoses. Mixed infections with dermatophytes are observed as well. Therefore, the causative agents should be determined by fungal culture and the antifungal treatment regimen should reliably cover non-dermatophytes, if appropriate. Systemic-topical combination therapy involving a broad-spectrum, locally applied antifungal may increase the mycological and clinical cure rates compared to monotherapy with systemic drugs.
Commercial video games are a vastly popular form of recreational activity. Whilst concerns persist regarding possible negative effects of video games, they have been suggested to provide cognitive benefits to users. They are also frequently employed as control interventions in comparisons of more complex cognitive or psychological interventions. If independently effective, video games – being both engaging and relatively inexpensive – could provide a much more cost-effective add-on intervention to standard treatment when compared to costly, cognitive interventions.
To review the effects of video games (alone or as an additional intervention) compared to standard care alone or other interventions including, but not limited to, cognitive remediation or cognitive behavioural therapy for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.
We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group’s Study-Based Register of Trials (March 2017, August 2018, August 2019).
Randomised controlled trials focusing on videly to change with more data. It is difficult to currently establish if the more sophisticated cognitive approaches do any more good – or harm – than ‘static’ video games for people with schizophrenia. Where players use bodily movements to control the game (exergames), there is very limited evidence suggesting a possible benefit of exergames compared to standard care in terms of cognitive functioning and aerobic fitness. However, this finding must be replicated in trials with a larger sample size and that are conducted over a longer time frame. find more We cannot draw any firm conclusions regarding the effects of video games until more high-quality evidence is available. There are ongoing studies that may provide helpful data in the near future.
‘Culture’ is a word frequently invoked within medical education literature to explain challenges faced by learners in practice. While social settings and practices are widely acknowledged as critical influences on medical education, there is vast variability in how the term ‘culture’ is employed. This may lead to confusion, resulting in assumptions and oversights.
This critical literature review aims to characterise how the term ‘culture’ is explicitly and implicitly conceptualised in medical education research.
Four leading English language journals in the medical education field were searched in a twelve-month period for research papers or reviews that mentioned culture in title or abstract in a substantive way. A content analysis was undertaken of extracted definitions. In addition, metaphor analysis was used to identify conceptual metaphors, which were subsequently clustered thematically.
Our search yielded 26 papers, 8 of which contained definitions, mostly from the organisational literature. We iew reveals that medical education as a field 1) draws most explicitly from the organisational literature; 2) invokes culture in multiple means but in ways that privilege either acontextual human agency or all-powerful social forces; and 3) regards culture as a negative or neutral force but rarely a positive one. There is a notable absence around conceptualisations of ‘culture’ that allow educator, student and administrator agency but at the same time acknowledge the deep forces that various social settings and practices exert. Other literatures investigating learning cultures and cultural reflexivity focus on this nexus and may provide possible means to advance considerations of culture within medical education research.Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are in urgent demand for both adult and pediatric patients. Although several approaches have utilized vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells as cell sources for TEVGs, these cell sources have a limited proliferative capacity that results in an inability to reconstitute neotissues. Skeletal myoblasts are attractive cell sources as they possess high proliferative capacity, and they are already being tested in clinical trials for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study demonstrated that periodic hydrostatic pressurization (PHP) promoted fibronectin fibrillogenesis in vascular SMCs, and that PHP-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangements enabled the fabrication of implantable arterial grafts derived from SMCs without using a scaffold material. We assessed the molecular response of human skeletal myoblasts to PHP exposure, and aimed to fabricate arterial grafts from the myoblasts by exposure to PHP. To examine the PHP-response genet-derived cells, which successfully formed vascular neotissues with layered elastic fibers. These findings suggest that human skeletal myoblasts have the potential to be a feasible cell source for scaffold-free implantable arterial grafts under PHP culture conditions.Passive acoustic monitoring, when coupled with automated signal recognition software, allows researchers to perform simultaneous monitoring at large spatial and temporal scales. This technique has been widely used to monitor cetaceans, bats, birds, and anurans but rarely applied to monitor primates. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of passive acoustic monitoring and automated signal recognition software for detecting the presence and monitoring the roaring behavior of the Black and Gold Howler Monkey (Alouatta caraya) over a complete annual cycle at one site in the Brazilian Pantanal. The diel pattern of roaring activity was unimodal, with high vocal activity around dawn. The howler monkey showed a clear seasonal pattern of roaring activity, with most of the roars detected during the wet season (74.9%, peak activity during November and December). The maximum vocal activity occurred during the period of maximum flowering and fruit production in the study area, suggesting a potential role of roaring in defending major feeding sites, which is in agreement with the findings of previous studies on the species.
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