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Krogh Wu posted an update 8 months ago
The acquisitive-conservative axis of plant ecological strategies results in a pattern of leaf trait covariation that captures the balance between leaf construction costs and plant growth potential. Studies evaluating trait covariation within species are scarcer, and have mostly dealt with variation in response to environmental gradients. Little work has been published on intraspecific patterns of leaf trait covariation in the absence of strong environmental variation.
We analysed covariation of four leaf functional traits (SLA specific leaf area, LDMC leaf dry matter content, Ft force to tear, and Nm leaf nitrogen content) in six Poaceae and four Fabaceae species common in the dry Chaco forest of Central Argentina, growing in the field and in a common garden. We compared intraspecific covariation patterns (slopes, correlation and effect size) of leaf functional traits with global interspecific covariation patterns. Additionally, we checked for possible climatic and edaphic factors that could affect the incquisitive-conservative leaf functional trait covariation pattern occurs at the intraspecific level even in the absence of relevant environmental variation in the field. This suggests a high degree of variation-covariation in leaf functional traits not driven by environmental variables.
Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We report integrated analyses of infections in the Phase 2 and P3 OCTAVE programmes.
Three cohorts were analysed Induction ; Maintenance ; and Overall . Proportions and incidence rates of serious infections , herpes zoster and opportunistic infections are reported .
In the Induction Cohort , no patients receiving placebo and eight receiving tofacitinib 10mg twice daily developed SIs. Maintenance Cohort SI IRs were 1.94 for placebo, and 1.35 and 0.64 for tofacitinib 5 and 10mg BID, respectively; HZ IRs were 0.97 , 2.05 and 6.64 , respectively. In the Overall Cohort , SI, HZ and non-HZ OI IRs were 1.70 , 3.48 and 0.15 , respectively. No SIs resulted in death.
During induction, SIs were more frequent with tofacitinib versus placebo. SIs were generally infrequent in the Maintenance and Overall Cohorts, with rates comparable between treatment groups. Maintenance Cohort HZ IR was numerically higher with tofacitinib 10 versus 5mg BID. Overall Cohort HZ IRs remained stable over time. Non-HZ OIs and viral infections were rare.
During induction, SIs were more frequent with tofacitinib versus placebo. SIs were generally infrequent in the Maintenance and Overall Cohorts, with rates comparable between treatment groups. Maintenance Cohort HZ IR was numerically higher with tofacitinib 10 versus 5mg BID. Overall Cohort HZ IRs remained stable over time. Non-HZ OIs and viral infections were rare.Eliciting broadly protective antibodies is a critical goal for the development of more effective vaccines against influenza. Optimizing protection is of particular importance in newborns, who are highly vulnerable to severe disease following infection. An effective vaccination strategy for this population must surmount the challenges associated with the neonatal immune system as well as mitigate the inherent immune subdominance of conserved influenza virus epitopes, responses to which can provide broader protection. Here, we show that prime-boost vaccination with a TLR7/8 agonist (R848)-conjugated influenza A virus (IAV) vaccine elicits antibody responses to the highly conserved hemagglutinin stem and promotes rapid induction of virus neutralizing stem-specific antibodies following viral challenge. These findings support the efficacy of R848 as an effective adjuvant for newborns and demonstrate its ability to enhance antibody responses to subdominant antigenic sites in this at-risk population.
Hypothyroidism is associated with reversible decline in kidney function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). eGFR and proteinuria are the most important markers for clinical assessment of kidney function. Though hypothyroidism is associated with proteinuria in cross-sectional data, the impact of treatment on proteinuria is unknown.
This study explores the effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on eGFR and 24-hour urine protein excretion in patients with severe primary hypothyroidism.
This study was a prospective, observational cohort study in adults with severe primary hypothyroidism (serum thyrotropin > 50 µIU/mL). Individuals with preexisting or past kidney disease, kidney or urinary tract abnormalities, calculi or surgery, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension were excluded. The participants received thyroid hormone replacement therapy. selleck inhibitor Thyroid functions, eGFR, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and 3 months.
This study took place at a single center, a tertiary care referral and teaching hospital.
Of 44 enrolled participants, 43 completed 3 months of follow-up. At 3 months, serum TSH levels decreased and thyroxine levels increased (P < .001 for both). Significant increases in eGFR (mean difference, 18.25 ± 19.49 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI, 12.25 to 24.25, P < .001) and declines in 24-hour urine protein excretion (mean difference, -68.39 ± 125.89 mg/day; 95% CI, -107.14 to -29.65, P = .001) were observed. Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels also significantly decreased (P < .001).
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with severe primary hypothyroidism improves eGFR and decreases 24-hour urine protein excretion, thereby suggesting reversible alterations.
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with severe primary hypothyroidism improves eGFR and decreases 24-hour urine protein excretion, thereby suggesting reversible alterations.
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