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Mack Snedker posted an update 6 months, 3 weeks ago
Rare-earth mining has caused extensive damage to soil, vegetation, and water, significantly threatening ecosystems. Monitoring environmental disturbance caused by rare-earth mining is necessary to protect the ecological environment. A spatiotemporal remote sensing monitoring method for mining to reclamation processes in a rare-earth mining area using multisource time-series satellite images is described. selleck In this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the mining impact. Regression analysis is conducted to relate the HJ-1B CCD and Landsat 5/8 data to reduce the NDVI error related to sensor differences between different datasets. The analysis method of NDVI trajectory data of ground objects is proposed, and areas of environmental disturbance caused by rare-earth mining are identified. Pixel-based trajectories were used to reconstruct the temporal evolution of vegetation, and a temporal trajectory segmentation method is established based on the vegetation changes in different disturbance stages. The temporal trajectory of the rare-earth disturbance points is segmented to extract features in each stage to obtain the disturbance year, recovery year, and recovery cycle and evaluate the vegetation recovery after rare-earth mining disturbance. We applied the method to a stack of 20 multitemporal images from 2000 to 2019 to analyze vegetation disturbance due to rare-earth mining and vegetation recovery in the upper reaches of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China. The results show the following. (1) Mining industry in the study area experienced rapid expansion before 2008, but growth slowed since the policies implemented by the government since 2009 to restrict rare-earth mining. (2) The continuous influence to the land caused by rare-earth mining can last for decades; however, the reclamation activities shorten the recovery cycle of mining land from 5 to 3 years.Concomitant with the promotion of industrial transformation, sustainable development strategies, and accelerated urbanization, there has been an increase in the number of industrial relic restoration projects. However, there are many disputes over the value and development of such industrial relic restoration projects. In this work, we identified three evaluation indicators based on a study of 106 industrial relic restoration projects in China. A value assessment model composed of five parts combining the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process was established. The results show that an effective assessment of the value of industrial relic restoration projects can enable the effective use of green technology, reduce construction costs, protect industrial heritage, and inherit historical culture. In addition, there are many uncertain factors in developing these projects, such as brownfield pollution and dilapidated buildings, and appropriate renewal strategies can reduce safety risks as well as maximize the heritage value. As there is limited research assessing the value of industrial relic restoration projects in China, our study can serve as a reference for the value assessment of existing building restoration projects including historical blocks and livable villages.Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are regarded as an important group of pollutants for the wider environment because of their intrinsic toxicity and probable accumulation in the soil-water-plant system. In this regard, this study assessed the pollution levels and probable human health risks of PTEs in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district of the Niğde Province in south-central Turkey. Pollution assessment using contamination factor, enrichment factor, index of geoaccumulation, and soil pollution index reveals moderate to extremely high pollution of PTEs in the soil, exposing the soils to extreme toxicity levels. The areas that fall under the toxic to extremely toxic categories are in proximity to the ore slags and agricultural lands towards the central and southern domains of the study area. The water hazard index (WHI) values indicate that 100% of the samples collected in both winter and fall seasons are of extreme toxicity (WHI > 15). Arsenic is the dominant contaminant among the PTEs in the soil and water samples. The bioconcentration factor values of the PTEs in most of the fruit plants are > 1, indicating very high levels of element transfer from the soil and water to the plants. The probabilistic human health risk assessment involved exposure to arsenic in groundwater (a major pathway to humans) since it is the only carcinogenic element in this study. The estimated daily intake of arsenic-contaminated water exceeds the safe limit of 5 × 10-8 mg/kg/day. About 33.3% and 55.6% of the groundwater samples have higher hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk values of arsenic in the winter and fall seasons, respectively. This implies that the people are more exposed to the carcinogenic effects of drinking arsenic-contaminated water.Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known sexually transmitted disorder globally. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the 3rd most common cancer that causes cervical carcinoma, and globally it accounts for 275,000 deaths every year. The load of HPV-associated abrasions can be lessened through vaccination. At present, three forms of prophylactic vaccines, Cervarix, Gadrasil, and Gardasil 9, are commercially accessible but all these prophylactic vaccines have not the ability to manage and control developed abrasions or infections. Therefore, a considerable amount of the population is not secured from HPV infectivity. Consequently, the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines is a crucial requirement of this era, for the treatment of persisting infections, and to stop the progression of HPV-associated cancers. Therapeutic vaccines are a developing trial approach. Because of the constitutive expression of E6 and E7 early genes in cancerous and pre-cancerous tissues, and their involvement in disturbance of the cell cycle, these are best targets for this therapeutic vaccine treatment. For the synthesis and development of therapeutic vaccines, various approaches have been examined comprising cell-based vaccines, peptide/protein-based vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines, and live-vector vaccines all proceeding towards clinical trials. This review emphasizes the development, progress, current status, and future perspective of several vaccines for the cure of HPV-related abrasions and cancers. This review also provides an insight to assess the effectiveness, safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of therapeutic vaccines in the cure of patients infected with HPV-associated cervical cancer.
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