-
Penn Moser posted an update 6 months, 1 week ago
Although we see much utility in Osiurak and Reynaud’s in-depth discussion on the role of what they term technical reasoning in cumulative culture, we argue that they neglect the time and energy costs that individuals would have to face to acquire skills in the absence of specific socio-cognitive abilities.
To (i) describe the infant feeding practices of South African women living in Soweto and (ii) understand from the mothers’ perspective what influences feeding practices.
Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted, and data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Soweto, South Africa.
Nineteen mothers were stratified into three FGD according to their baby’s age as follows 0-6-month-olds, 7-14-month-olds and 15-24-month-olds. Four mothers from each FGD then attended an IDI.
Although mothers understood that breast-feeding was beneficial, they reported short durations of exclusive breast-feeding. The diversity and quality of weaning foods were low, and ‘junk’ food items were commonly given. Infants were fed using bottles or spoons and feeding commonly occurred separately to family meal times. Feeding practices were influenced by mothers’ beliefs that what babies eat is important for their health and that an unwillingness to eat is a sign of ill health. As ssupportive household and community structures around infant feeding.Following the tradition of comparing humans with chimpanzees placed under unfavorable conditions, the authors suggest many uniquely human technological abilities. However, chimpanzees use spontaneously tools in nature to achieve many different goals demonstrating technological skills and reasoning contradicting the authors contrast. Y-27632 cost Chimpanzees and humans develop skills through the experiences faced during their upbringing and neglecting this leads to fake conclusions.We argue that Osirak’s and Reynaud’s technological-reasoning hypothesis raises conceptual and methodological challenges. Interrelations between technical potential and expertise leave it unclear exactly what the technical-reasoning hypothesis encompasses. We submit that it is compatible with a range of hypotheses that are difficult to differentiate empirically.
The optimal management of symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot in neonates and younger infants with unfavourable anatomy is unclear and is further constrained by resource limitations in low and middle income countries.
Retrospective medical record review of infants with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing corrective or palliative procedures between January 2016 and June 2019.
The study included 120 infants; of whom 83 underwent primary complete repair, four underwent surgical palliation, and 33 underwent catheter-based palliation, including balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n = 18), right ventricular outflow tract stenting (n = 14), and stenting of the patent arterial duct (n = 1). Infants undergoing catheter-based procedures were younger in age (median 32 days; inter-quartile range (IQR) 7-144 versus 210 days; IQR 158-250), with lower baseline saturation (65 ± 12% versus 87 ± 7%) and had smaller pulmonary artery z-scores compared to the complete repair cohort. Follow-up was available for 31/33 (94%) infants (median 7 months ) who underwent trans-catheter palliation; 12 underwent complete repair, 10 are well, awaiting repair, eight required further palliation (catheter 6; surgical 2), and one died post-discharge from non-cardiac causes.
Catheter-based palliation is a safe and effective alternative in infants with tetralogy of Fallot who are at high risk for primary surgical repair.
Catheter-based palliation is a safe and effective alternative in infants with tetralogy of Fallot who are at high risk for primary surgical repair.We consider the evolutionary plausibility of Osiurak and Reynaud’s (O&R) arguments. We argue that technical reasoning is not quite the magic bullet that O&R assume, and instead propose a co-evolutionary account of the interplay between technical reasoning and social learning, with language emerging as a vital issue neglected in O&R’s account.Osiurak and Reynaud (O&R) claim that research into the origin of cumulative technological culture has been too focused on social cognition and has consequently neglected the importance of uniquely human reasoning capacities. This commentary raises two interrelated theoretical concerns about O&R’s notion of technical-reasoning capacities, and suggests how these concerns might be met.
The age-adjusted rate of suicide death in the USA has increased significantly since 2000 and little is known about national trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempt) among adults and their associated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This study examined trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors among adults in the USA.
Data were obtained from adults 18-65 years of age who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), including mental health assessment, from 2009 to 2017 (n = 335 359). Examinations of data involved trend analysis methods with the use of logistic regressions and interaction terms.
Suicidal ideation showed fluctuation from 2009 to 2017, whereas suicide plan and attempt showed significantly positive linear trends with the odds increasing by an average of 3% and 4%, respectively. Suicide plan increased the most for females and adults ages 18-34, and attempt increased the most for adults with drug dependence. Both plan and attempt increased the most among adults who either had mental illness but were not in treatment or had no mental illness.
Given attempted suicide is the strongest known risk factor for suicide death, reducing non-fatal suicidal behaviors including attempt are important public health and clinical goals. The interactional findings of age, sex, mental health status, and drug dependence point toward the importance of tailoring prevention efforts to various sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Given attempted suicide is the strongest known risk factor for suicide death, reducing non-fatal suicidal behaviors including attempt are important public health and clinical goals. The interactional findings of age, sex, mental health status, and drug dependence point toward the importance of tailoring prevention efforts to various sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Please follow & like us :)
All content contained on CatsWannaBeCats.Com, unless otherwise acknowledged,is the property of CatsWannaBeCats.Com and subject to copyright.