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Damborg Ebbesen posted an update 6 months, 2 weeks ago
The enthalpies of immersion in the mercury solutions are between -31.71 and -77.31 J·g-1, showing a correlation between the magnitude of the enthalpic data and the adsorption capacity of the materials. It was evidenced that the functionalization process produces a decrease in the surface area and pore volume of the activated carbons, and an increase in the sulfur content of the carbonaceous matrix. It was evidenced that the functionalization process generated an increase in the mercury adsorption capacity between 21 and 49% compared to those of the nonfunctionalized materials, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 85.6 mgHg2+g-1.Nanoparticulate double-heterojunction photocatalysts comprising TiO2(Anatase)/WO3/TiO2(Rutile) were produced by a sol-gel method. The resulting photocatalysts exhibit clear synergistic effects when tested toward the degradation of methyl orange under both UV and visible light. Kinetic studies indicate that the degradation rate on the best double-heterojunction photocatalyst (10 wt % WO3-TiO2) depends mainly on the amount of dye concentration, contrary to pure oxides in which the degradation rate is limited by diffusion-controlled processes. The synergistic effects were confirmed through systematic and careful studies including holes and OH radical formation, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and surface area analysis. Our results indicate that the successful formation of a double heterojunction in the TiO2(Anatase)/WO3/TiO2(Rutile) system leads to enhanced photoactivity when compared to individual oxides and commercial TiO2 P25.Vinasses are not only an easily biodegradable substrate but also a heat energy resource. In this study, the energy balance and kinetic model of anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) with vinasses have been investigated in semicontinuous reactor experiments at 55 °C. Myricetin supplier Herein, the maximum energy balance value, the ratio of energy to mass, and the kinetic constants μmax and K of anaerobic digestion of WAS were -33.44 kJ·day-1, -5.72 kJ·VS-1·day-1, and 0.0894 day-1 and 0.7294, respectively, at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.17 VS·L-3·day-1; when the mixture ratio of WAS to vinasses was 21 (dry VS) for co-digestion, the maximum energy balance value, the maximum ratio of energy to mass, and the kinetic constants μmax and K of anaerobic co-digestion of WAS and vinasses were +39.73 kJ·day-1, 8.1 kJ·VS-1·day-1, and 0.2619 day-1 and 1.9583, respectively, at an OLR of 1.73 VS·L-3·day-1. The positive energy balance was obtained for two reasons one is for making the best use of the high-temperature heat energy resource of vinasses and the other is for enhancing the amount of biogas yield. The bottleneck of the negative energy balance of thermophilic digestion of WAS can be broken by anaerobic co-digestion of WAS and vinasses. The results indicate a promising future in the application of anaerobic thermophilic co-digestion of WAS and vinasses. Methane production from digestion and co-digestion was also predicted by the Chen-Hashimoto kinetic model.This paper reports a laboratory-based case study for the characterization of deposits from a crude cooler and reboilers in a Saudi Aramco refinery by microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) using microbial, metallurgic, and special analyses and correlates the Rietveld quantitative phase analysis of high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data of scale deposits with microbe compositions. Therefore, rapid in-field microbiological assays could be carried out to assess the potential of MIC. Based on the results, it can be highlighted that the MIC investigation showed that total bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were detected in all sampling locations. Methanogens, acid-producing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing archaea were not detected in all samples. Iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) were detected in the solid samples from reboilers C and D. Low loads of general bacteria and low levels of microbes with MIC potential were detected in both C and D samples. The trace amount of corrosion products iries and gas plants to overcome the problems of the affected equipment by drawing up the right procedures and taking preventive actions to stop the generation of these particular deposits.A review of energetic materials based on the nitric ester functionality is presented. Examined are materials that are classified as primary explosives, pressable secondary explosives, melt-castable secondary explosives, and rocket- and gun-propellant materials. Disclosed are the molecular structures, physical properties, performances, and sensitivities of the most important legacy nitric esters, as well as the relevant new materials developed within the past several years. Where necessary, discussions of the synthetic protocols to synthesize these materials are also presented.Biobased materials such as cellulose, chitin, silk, soy, and keratin are attractive alternatives to conventional synthetic materials for filtration applications. They are cheap, naturally abundant, and easily fabricated with tunable surface chemistry and functionality. With the planet’s increasing crisis due to pollution, the need for proper filtration of air and water is undeniably urgent. Additionally, fibers that are antibacterial and antiviral are critical for public health and in medical environments. The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for cheap, easily mass-produced antiviral fiber materials. Biopolymers can fill these roles very well by utilizing their intrinsic material properties, surface chemistry, and hierarchical fiber morphologies for efficient and eco-friendly filtration of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. Further, they are biodegradable, making them attractive as sustainable, biocompatible green filters. This review presents various biopolymeric materials generated from proteins and polysaccharides, their synthesis and fabrication methods, and notable uses in filtration applications.Aging infrastructure, increasing environmental regulations, and receiving water environment issues stem the need for advanced wastewater treatment processes across the world. Advanced wastewater treatment systems treat wastewater beyond organic carbon removal and aim to remove nutrients and recover valuable products. While the removal of major nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) is essential for environmental protection, this can only be achieved through energy-, chemical-, and cost-intensive processes in the industry today, which is an unsustainable trend, considering the global population growth and rapid urbanization. Two major routes for developing more sustainable and circular-economy-based wastewater treatment systems would be to (a) innovate and integrate energy- and resource-efficient anaerobic wastewater treatment systems and (b) enhance carbon capture to be diverted to energy recovery schemes. This Mini-Review provides a critical evaluation and perspective of two potential process routes that enable this transition.
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