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Tuttle Baird posted an update 6 months, 3 weeks ago
Bupivacaine, a common local anesthetic, causes serious nerve injury, especially in diabetic patients, as high glucose has been reported to enhance bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. However, the key regulator for synergism remains unknown. To our surprise, the expression of repair protein Ku70 is suppressed, while the high-glucose environment induces DNA oxidative damage in neurons. Here, we aim to investigate whether the inhibition of Ku70 by high-glucose conditions aggrandized bupivacaine-induced DNA damage. Consistent with previous results, bupivacaine induced reactive oxygen species production and upregulated Ku70 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions at both transcript and protein levels and ultimately caused nucleic acid damage and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. High-glucose treatment inhibited the expression of Ku70 and enhanced bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. In contrast, the overexpression of Ku70 mitigated DNA damage and apoptosis triggered by bupivacaine and high glucose. In conclusion, our data indicated that local anesthetics may aggravate nerve toxicity in a high-glucose environment. Copyright © 2020 Zhong-Hua Ji et al.The role of IR and metabolic disorders has become a crucial topic of study in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Adipose tissue is an important target organ of insulin, and adipose IR plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PCOS. This study seeks to investigate the role of adipose IR in the development of PCOS and to examine its relationship with circulating betatrophin levels in women with PCOS. A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of women with PCOS and healthy women was performed in this study. Serum betatrophin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Adipose IR was calculated using the product of fasting insulin and FFA concentrations, and the relationship between adipose IR, circulating betatrophin, and other parameters was analyzed. Adipose IR in women with PCOS was significantly higher than that in controls. We found that women with PCOS who have adipose IR (adipose IR ≥ 55) have a higher BMI and higher blood glucose, insulin, PRL, FFA, TG, HOMA-IR, AUCglucose, AUCinsulin, VAIfemale, and BAI levels than PCOS-afflicted women without adipose IR, while M-values, and SHBG and LH levels were lower. In women with PCOS, serum betatrophin levels were significantly increased compared with controls. Adipose IR negatively correlated with M values and positively with circulating betatrophin levels in the study population. After metformin treatment, circulating betatrophin levels and adipose IR in women with PCOS were significantly decreased compared with pretreatment. Adipose IR is associated with betatrophin levels in women with PCOS. The combination of adipose IR and circulating betatrophin measurements may be significant for screening patients with PCOS. Copyright © 2020 Yirui He et al.The core purpose of the current study is to explore the use of Moringa oleifera leaves, to produce a herbal tea with acceptable sensory properties and nutritional properties by utilizing the steam blanching technique, different dehydration temperatures and time, which can be accepted in the Sri Lankan market. Six sets of samples were prepared where temperature and time combinations were 55°C-6 h, 60°C-4.30 h, 65°C-3 h for the unblanched samples & 55°C-6 h, 60°C-5.30 h & 65°C-4 h for the steam blanched samples. These samples were evaluated, employing a trained panel of 5 tea tasters and a semi trained panel of 35 members. The sample code 706 (steam blanched, 65°C-4 h) was selected as the sample with best sensory attributes. The blanched and unblanched samples dried at 65°C were tested for their proximate, mineral, vitamin, antioxidant and phytochemical contents. The effects of steam blanching on these two samples were evaluated & compared. This study highlights that steam blanching significantly increased the carbohydrates, fat, Mn, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin E and the DPPH scavenging activity whereas steam blanching significantly reduced the protein, fiber, Na, K, Ca, Total phenolic contents and flavonoids content but vitamin C, Zn, Cu and Mg contents were unaffected by steam blanching. Copyright © 2020 Yasara W. H. Wickramasinghe et al.This study reports the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 pot-bellied pigs presented to our institution with neurological deficits. Nine pigs had abnormal MRI findings (7 with spinal cord localization and 2 with brain localization), with three of them having histopathological confirmation of the diagnoses. MRI diagnoses included a myopathy suspected to be secondary to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a round cell neoplasia involving the vertebral canal, myelomalacia, a cervical cyst like extradural lesion, pelvic fracture with secondary cauda equina involvement, two cases of fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion, multifocal brain infarcts, and a cystic fourth ventricle dilation resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. Four pigs had normal MRI studies, with one of them ultimately diagnosed with idiopathic vestibular disease. click here This retrospective study illustrates the wide variety of diagnoses achieved with MRI of the head or vertebral column in pigs, several of them having never been described in this species. Some of the conditions identified had a good outcome. This justifies using MRI as an ante-mortem diagnostic tool as it can provide relevant information about the prognosis which can significantly influence treatment recommendations. Our findings suggest that MRI should be considered as a valuable imaging modality, when feasible, in pigs with neurological deficits. Copyright © 2020 Castel, Doré, Vigeral and Hecht.Recent efforts in mapping spatial genome organization have revealed three evocative and conserved structural features of the inactive X in female mammals. First, the chromosomal conformation of the inactive X reveals a loss of topologically associated domains (TADs) present on the active X. Second, the macrosatellite DXZ4 emerges as a singular boundary that suppresses physical interactions between two large TAD-depleted “megadomains.” Third, DXZ4 reaches across several megabases to form “superloops” with two other X-linked tandem repeats, FIRRE and ICCE, which also loop to each other. Although all three structural features are conserved across rodents and primates, deletion of mouse and human orthologs of DXZ4 and FIRRE from the inactive X have revealed limited impact on X chromosome inactivation (XCI) and escape in vitro. In contrast, loss of Xist or SMCHD1 have been shown to impair TAD erasure and gene silencing on the inactive X. In this perspective, we summarize these results in the context of new research describing disruption of X-linked tandem repeats in vivo, and discuss their possible molecular roles through the lens of evolutionary conservation and clinical genetics.
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