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Rask Dotson posted an update 6 months ago
Calixquinones, a class of cyclic oligomers composed of p-benzoquinone structures connected by methylene, have multi-conjugated carbonyl structures and adjustable cavities, which make their synthesis extremely attractive. In this minireview, synthetic methods of calixquinones and recent synthetic experience of our group are summarized. The merits and demerits of various synthetic methods are briefly reviewed as well. When synthesizing calixquinone (n≥6) with a larger ring, the reduction-oxidation method is considered to be the most recommended.Dysregulation of adipocyte differentiation and dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and as such, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis may help to elucidate the pathological condition of obesity and its associated disorders. Regucalcin (RGN) plays multiple regulatory roles in intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways in mammalian cells. Here, we report that overexpression of RGN enhances lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells after adipogenic stimulation, accompanied by upregulation of adipocyte differentiation marker proteins. In contrast, genetic disruption of RGN inhibited adipogenic stimulation-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, RGN overexpression in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes blocked inflammatory crosstalk between 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages in a transwell coculture system. Knockdown of RGN expression in cocultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes enhanced their susceptibility to RAW264.7 macrophage-mediated inflammation. These results suggest that RGN is required for 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and that it exerts anti-inflammatory activity against 3T3-L1 adipocyte inflammation after coculture with RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, RGN may be a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation and act as a suppressor of inflammation in macrophage-infiltrated adipocyte tissue.
Congenital variations of the reproductive system arise during embryonal organogenesis, although their clinical manifestations present later in adolescence or during reproductive years due to functional disorders such as abnormal menstruation, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and pregnancy loss. Surgical treatment of congenital variations is performed according to variant anatomy and functional disorders. However, many congenital anatomic variations are difficult to categorize based on current classification systems. The aim of this study is to distinguish female genital anatomic variations for appropriate surgical treatment based on a clinical analysis of uterovaginal malformations and disorders of sex development. The deviant anatomy defined as variations, which has been used in the manuscript instead of anomalies.
A retrospective review was conducted of 718 cases of uterovaginal malformation and 144 cases with disorders of sex development. Physical variations were assessed by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and laparoscopy. Genetic studies were conducted for individuals with disorders of sex development. Classification of variants was determined by physical findings, genetic findings, and clinical presentations.
A unified systematization for female genital anatomic variations was proposed, based on the genome (karyotype), gonadal morphology, internal and external genital anatomy. The internal anatomy was classified to uterovaginal variations, which have distinguished to 11 basic types and 24 variants, according to morphologic patterns. Surgical treatments are proposed based on these variants.
These new classifications provide a framework for clinical management and appropriate surgical treatment of female genital anatomic variants, with the aim of improving reproductive outcomes.
These new classifications provide a framework for clinical management and appropriate surgical treatment of female genital anatomic variants, with the aim of improving reproductive outcomes.In the continuous effort to identify selective chelators towards bioavailable and toxic metal ions, the potential selectivity of a novel N,O chelating ligand, recently synthesized and claimed to be able to bind to Cu(II) ions forming stable complexes while leaving unaltered the level of essential metal ions, was scrutinized using a combined theoretical and experimental approach. A multistep synthetic procedure was used to synthesize the ligand, whose chelating properties along with the stability of the complexes formed binding Cu(II) and, for comparison, Fe(III) ions were evaluated using potentiometric measurements and UV-Vis spectroscopy. selleckchem DFT analysis allowed to disclose the structural characteristics of the formed complexes. In the plethora of all the possible structures, a selection of the most reliable ones was achieved by means of a stringent comparison between experimental and simulated UV-Vis spectra. The outcomes of the present investigation demonstrate that the Cu(II) sequestering ability of the ligand is smaller than that towards Fe(III). The strategy used here should allow to check the propensity of ligands in selectively binding metal ions.
Debridement and drainage have always been mainstream treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), and the application of minimally invasive necrosectomy is becoming increasingly widespread. However, few studies have compared video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) and small incision pancreatic necrosectomy (SIPN) individually. Our aim was to compare VARD and SIPN by evaluating outcomes.
We retrospectively reviewed patients with IPN who underwent either VARD or SIPN between 2010 and 2019 in China. Data relative to patient demographics, major complications, health care resource utilization and mortality were collected. Statistical analyses used were the two-tailed Student’s t-test and the chi-squared test.
Of 59 patients, 31 patients underwent SIPN and 28 patients were treated with VARD. SIPN and VARD had similar treatment success and mortality rates. The rate of reintervention due to lack of clinical improvement was significantly lower in the SIPN group (32% versus 61%; P = 0.028). In addition, the length of total hospital stay was 60 days in the SIPN group and 72 days in the VARD group (P < 0.
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