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Guzman Espensen posted an update 6 months, 1 week ago
Asymmetric warming resulting in a faster increase in night compared to day temperatures affects crop yields negatively. Physiological characterization and agronomic findings have been complemented more recently by molecular biology approaches including transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic investigations in crops exposed to high night temperature (HNT) conditions. Nevertheless, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing yield decline under HNT is still limited. The discovery of significant differences between HNT-tolerant and HNT-sensitive cultivars is one of the main research directions to secure continuous food supply under the challenge of increasing climate change. With this review, we provide a summary of current knowledge on the physiological and molecular basis of contrasting HNT tolerance in rice and wheat cultivars. Requirements for HNT tolerance and the special adaptation strategies of the HNT-tolerant rice cultivar Nagina-22 (N22) are discussed. Putative metabolite markers for HNT tolerance useful for marker-assisted breeding are suggested, together with future research directions aimed at improving food security under HNT conditions.The Mec1/ATR kinase is crucial for genome maintenance in response to a range of genotoxic insults, but it remains unclear how it promotes context-dependent signaling and DNA repair. Using phosphoproteomic analyses, we uncovered a distinctive Mec1/ATR signaling response triggered by extensive nucleolytic processing (resection) of DNA ends. Budding yeast cells lacking Rad9, a checkpoint adaptor and an inhibitor of resection, exhibit a selective increase in Mec1-dependent phosphorylation of proteins associated with single-strand DNA (ssDNA) transactions, including the ssDNA-binding protein Rfa2, the translocase/ubiquitin ligase Uls1, and the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 (STR) complex that regulates homologous recombination (HR). Extensive Mec1-dependent phosphorylation of the STR complex, mostly on the Sgs1 helicase subunit, promotes an interaction between STR and the DNA repair scaffolding protein Dpb11. Fusion of Sgs1 to phosphopeptide-binding domains of Dpb11 strongly impairs HR-mediated repair, supporting a model whereby Mec1 signaling regulates STR upon hyper-resection to influence recombination outcomes. Overall, the identification of a distinct Mec1 signaling response triggered by hyper-resection highlights the multi-faceted action of this kinase in the coordination of checkpoint signaling and HR-mediated DNA repair.
Recurrent bleeding episodes are often a cause of significant anxiety in patients with pyogenic granuloma (PG). The idea of using common salt for the treatment of PG arose from the need for a relatively safe and effective treatment because of the recurrent nature of the lesion.
A prospective open-label uncontrolled study of 50 patients was conducted. All cases were treated with ordinary table salt from a commercially available package. White soft paraffin was first applied over the perilesional skin, then sufficient salt to cover the entire lesion was applied and the area was occluded with surgical adhesive tape. All patients were followed up for any complications or recurrence.
Complete resolution of the lesion without any residual scar was seen in 100% of the cases, and 94% reported a decrease in the bleeding tendency of the lesion as an immediate response. The mean time to complete resolution was 14.77days. Vorinostat Recurrence was noted in one patient after 11months of resolution.
Owing to the relative ease in application, lack of scarring and excellent response, we consider salt application to be an ideal treatment for PG lesions, especially in children and anxious patients reluctant to undergo any procedure.
Owing to the relative ease in application, lack of scarring and excellent response, we consider salt application to be an ideal treatment for PG lesions, especially in children and anxious patients reluctant to undergo any procedure.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil with more than seven million cases of infection. Three major pandemic lineages/clades could be identified along with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination (G, GR, and GH) in the Americas. These clades differ according to their genomic characteristics, virulence, and spreading times. The present study describes the main clades and the respective temporal spreading analyses based on SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences (WGS) from South America, obtained in the early pandemic phase (from March 1 to May 31 in 2020). SARS-CoV-2 WGSs with available information from country and year of sampling were obtained from different countries and the main clades were identified and analyzed independently with a Bayesian approach. The results demonstrated the prevalence of clades GR (n = 842; 54.6%), G (n = 529; 34.3%), and GH (n = 171; 11.1%). The frequencies of the clades were significantly different between South American countries. Clade G was the most prevalent in Ecuador, Suriname, and Uruguay, clade GR in Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, and clade GH in Colombia. The phylodynamic analysis indicated that all these main lineages increased viral spreading from February to early March and after an evolutionary stationary phase was observed. The decrease observed in the virus dissemination was directly associated to the reduction of social movement after March. In conclusion, these data demonstrated the current predominance of clades G, GR, and GH in South America because of the early dissemination of them in the first pandemic phase in South America.
Treatment modalities have been developed to address patient concerns with skin laxity and focal adipose excess. A previously published multicenter clinical trial reported improvement in cellulite severity after a single dermal and subcutaneous treatment on the upper thigh with a microneedle radiofrequency device. In the current study, this device was used to improve the esthetic appearance of body skin laxity and localized fat deposits above the knee, upper arms, and upper-mid back/axillary region (“bra-line”).
Subjects with cellulite, skin laxity, and/or subcutaneous adipose excess in the suprapatellar region of the anterior thigh, upper arms, and bra-line underwent a single dermal and/or subcutaneous treatment. Investigators and subjects assessed outcome at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up, using 5-point Likert scales for global esthetic improvement, skin laxity improvement, and satisfaction.
In total, 31 females (mean age 51 ± 9 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV received a single treatment on 62 treatment areas 22 upper arms, 34 suprapatellar, and 6 bra-lines.
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