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Lindholm Bradley posted an update 6 months, 4 weeks ago
Most important, the centers of gravity for Cu and Cd accumulations of the ΔcrpA colonies shifted toward the older regions as compared with wild-type surface cultures.This study focused on investigating the effect of exogenously applied two quorum sensing molecules (tyrosol and farnesol) on the synthesis of bioactive metabolites (pigments, lactic acid, ethanol, and citric acid) in Monascus purpureus ATCC16365. None of the tested concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µl/L) of farnesol affected the synthesis of metabolites as well as cell growth. As with farnesol application, none of the tested concentrations (3.45, 6.9, 13.8, and 27.6 mg/L) of tyrosol caused a significant change in the synthesis of lactic acid and citric acid as well as cell growth. Conversely, all of the tested concentrations of tyrosol increased pigment synthesis but reduced ethanol synthesis, compared with the control. Maximum increases (3.16-, 2.68-, and 2.87-fold increase, respectively) in yellow, orange, and red pigment production were achieved, especially when 6.9-mg/L tyrosol was added to the culture on day 3. On the contrary, 6.9-mg/L tyrosol reduced the content of citrinin by approximately 51.5%. This is the first report on the effect of tyrosol and farnesol on the synthesis of Monascus metabolites. Due to potential properties, such as low price, nonhuman toxicity, promotion of pigment synthesis, and reduction in citrinin synthesis, tyrosol can be used as a novel inducer in the fermentative production of Monascus pigments.Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal and differentiation features under homeostatic conditions, but the mechanisms controlling Lgr5 + ISC self-renewal remain elusive. Here, we show that the chromatin remodeler SRCAP is highly expressed in mouse intestinal epithelium and ISCs. Srcap deletion impairs both self-renewal of ISCs and intestinal epithelial regeneration. Mechanistically, SRCAP recruits the transcriptional regulator REST to the Prdm16 promoter and induces expression of this transcription factor. By activating PPARδ expression, Prdm16 in turn initiates PPARδ signaling, which sustains ISC stemness. Rest or Prdm16 deficiency abrogates the self-renewal capacity of ISCs as well as intestinal epithelial regeneration. Collectively, these data show that the SRCAP-REST-Prdm16-PPARδ axis is required for self-renewal maintenance of Lgr5 + ISCs.Background Buccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a locoregionally aggressive malignancy, representing a small subset of oral cancers in North America. We investigated the prognostic value of several clinicopathologic factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with buccal SCC. Methods Between years 1992 and 2017, 52 patients were diagnosed with conventional buccal SCC. Archival surgical pathology material was retrospectively reviewed for reportable findings according to the latest reporting guidelines published by the College of American Pathologists. Clinical data were obtained through chart review. Results The majority of patients were of older age, current or past smokers, and without specific gender predilection. Most presented at a clinically advanced stage and were treated with surgery alone, or surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The tumor recurred in about 40% of patients, and almost half of the patients died from the disease by the end of the follow-up period. The worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) was associated with greater depth of invasion (DOI) (P = .031) and perineural invasion (P less then .001). In univariate analyses, older age (P = .004), positive nodal status (P = .047), lymphovascular invasion (P = .012), perineural invasion (P = .05), and WPOI-5 (P = .015) were adverse predictors of 5-year overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, older age (P = .011), WPOI-5 (P less then .001), and perineural invasion (P = .001) remained statistically significant independent prognosticators of worse 5-year OS. Conclusions Older age, WPOI-5, and perineural invasion are significant prognosticators of worse OS. WPOI is associated with DOI, a finding which may have important implications for the pathogenesis and biologic behavior of the disease.Postmenopausal women are at high risk of developing breast cancer due to estrogen production in peripheral tissues of the body other than ovaries. Aromatase is present in breast tissue, leading to local estrogen production which can be inhibited by a variety of steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. There are many aromatase inhibitors available in clinical practice like exemestane, formestane, anastrozole, letrozole, fadrozole, vorozole, and so forth, but the major challenge in anti-breast cancer therapy is the toxicity associated with aromatase inhibitors, especially the steroidal class of drugs. It is, therefore, urgently required to develop novel anticancer drugs having better safety and efficacy for the treatment of breast cancer. learn more This study highlights the aromatase inhibitors reported in the current literature as well as the recent advances in the management of breast cancer.Light and temperature are two core environmental factors that coordinately regulate plant growth and survival throughout their entire life cycle. However, the mechanisms integrating light and temperature signaling pathways in plants remain poorly understood. Here, we report that CBF1, an AP2/ERF-family transcription factor essential for plant cold acclimation, promotes hypocotyl growth under ambient temperatures in Arabidopsis. We show that CBF1 increases the protein abundance of PIF4 and PIF5, two phytochrome-interacting bHLH-family transcription factors that play pivotal roles in modulating plant growth and development, by directly binding to their promoters to induce their gene expression, and by inhibiting their interaction with phyB in the light. Moreover, our data demonstrate that CBF1 promotes PIF4/PIF5 protein accumulation and hypocotyl growth at both 22°C and 17°C, but not at 4°C, with a more prominent role at 17°C than at 22°C. Together, our study reveals that CBF1 integrates light and temperature control of hypocotyl growth by promoting PIF4 and PIF5 protein abundance in the light, thus providing insights into the integration mechanisms of light and temperature signaling pathways in plants.
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