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Basse Weaver posted an update 6 months, 2 weeks ago
Leishmaniasis is the most widespread pathogenic disease in several countries. Currently, no effective vaccines are available, and the control of Leishmaniasis primarily relies on decade-old chemotherapy. The treatment for the Leishmaniasis is not up to the mark. Current therapy for Leishmaniasis is ancient and requires hospitalization for the administration. These medications are also highly toxic and resistant. β-carboline, a natural indole containing alkaloid, holds a vital position in the field of medicinal chemistry with a diversified pharmacological action. The current review focuses mainly on the anti-leishmanial effects of β-carboline analogs and their synthetic strategies, structural activity relationship studies (SAR). The past ten years alterations unveiled by β-carboline analogs present in phytoconstituents and various derivatives of synthesized analogs with the mechanism of action were briefly shortlisted and illustrated.X-linked Agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in BTK, a tyrosine kinase essential for B lymphocytes differentiation. Patients usually have very low or absent B lymphocytes and are not able to develop humoral specific responses. Here we present a boy, diagnosed with XLA due to a mutation on the promoter region of the gene, whose phenotype is characterised by low percentage of B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, oscillating neutropenia, antibodies responses to some antigens after vaccination and IgE-mediated allergy. Additional technology as flow cytometry was needed to demonstrate the pathological status of the variant. We focus on the idea that XLA should be suspected in males with B lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, even if they make humoral specific responses. We also highlight the importance of sequencing BTK’s promoter region, as mutations on it can be disease-causing.To satisfy the growing spectrum demands of emerging wireless applications, cognitive radios have been considered as a viable option. It enables dynamic spectrum access opportunistically using wideband spectrum sensing (WSS) methods to discover the temporarily free frequency bands. WSS requires a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which has high power consumption and hardware complexity. Improving the power consumption and hardware complexity of the ADC is one of the existing challenges in energy-constrained applications. To alleviate this problem, we propose compressive sensing (CS) in maximum-minimum subband energy detection method to sense the wideband spectrum by utilizing the sparse nature of spectrum occupancy with the minimal possible number of measurements. The CS method uses Fourier Transform and chaotic sequence in designing the measurement matrix to achieve both determinacy and randomness. The Bayesian method is used to reconstruct the signal from the available measurements. From the reconstructed signal, the maximum-minimum subband energy detection (ED) method is used to decide whether the primary user (PU) is absent or present in a particular frequency band. The simulation results show that the proposed CS-based maximum-minimum subband energy detection approach improves the probability of detection by 7.5% compared to the conventional maximum-minimum subband energy detection method of spectrum sensing. The proposed spectrum sensing method is simple and robust to noise uncertainty and signal strength variations.The thermal decomposition of the microalgae Spirulina platensis, synthetic wastes, and their blends under an oxidative atmosphere and their kinetic parameters were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Three stages were observed during the combustion of the blended fuels, and two distinct peaks occurred in the second stage. A kinetic analysis during combustion was studied according to the fitting method proposed by Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger. The addition of the microalgae to the synthetic waste led to an increase in the apparent activation energies in Zone I in the second stage, whereas an increasing proportion of the microalgae in the blends resulted in decreasing apparent activation energies in Zone II in the second stage..
Routine vaccination at the recommended age is crucial to minimize the risk of acquiring vaccine preventable diseases. This study aimed to assess the proportion of children receiving routine immunization at the recommended age and determinants of timely (age-appropriate) vaccination in Mongolia.
A total of 879 eligible children aged 12-23 months were included in this study. We investigated age-appropriate administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG); hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B); oral polio vaccine (OPV); pentavalent vaccine; and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) using Kaplan-Meier method. Multilevel logistic regression with random intercept at cluster level was used to assess the determinants of age-appropriate vaccination.
Overall, the crude vaccination coverage for routine vaccinations were above 90% for all vaccines except MMR1 which was 86.0% (95% CI, 83.6-88.2). While the first dose of almost all the vaccines given at birth; BCG, Hep B, and OPV0, were administered in a timely man in our study could be considered to promote effective intervention aiming to improve adequate vaccination coverage.
Our findings suggest that the commonly used indicator ‘crude vaccination coverage’ could be supplemented by ‘age-appropriate vaccination’ to help to identify gaps in timely vaccinations and stimulate interventions in Mongolia. Factors such as household wealth quintile, place of residence and religion associated with timely vaccination in our study could be considered to promote effective intervention aiming to improve adequate vaccination coverage.Herein, CuO/ZnO nanocomposites at different ratios were successfully synthesized through a green biosynthesis approach. This was performed by harnessing the fungal-secreted enzymes and proteins during the sol-gel process for nanocomposites seed growth. All fabricated nanoparticles/nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The photocatalytic degradation efficacy of the synthesized nanocomposites was evaluated using a cationic methylene blue (MB) dye as a model of reaction. Results obtained from the FT-IR and EDX analyses revealed that CuO-NPs, ZnO-NPs, CuO/ZnO50/50, CuO/ZnO80/20, and CuO/ZnO20/80 were successfully prepared by harnessing the biomass filtrate of Penicillium corylophilum As-1. Sodium ascorbate Furthermore, XRD and TEM revealed the variation in the particle size of the nanocomposites (10-55 nm) with the ratio of the nanoparticles.
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