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Bay Eriksen posted an update 6 months ago
Implications The skepticism and critical analysis encouraged by EBM can and should be applied to the underlying assumptions and primary tenets of EBM itself. It is not enough for philosophers to partake in this endeavor; students, trainees, and clinicians need to carefully and constantly examine the reasons and reasoning that coalesce into clinical acumen. Our role as medical educators is to give them the tools, including a basic understanding of epistemology, to do that over a lifetime.The present work empirically explores whether experts are trusted more or more persuasive than an “average Joe” when engaging in policy advocacy on public health topics. I conducted a 2 (topic climate change vs. COVID-19) X 2 (source expert vs. nonexpert) experimental study with an US adult sample (N = 486). Using Bayes factors to quantify evidence for null and alternative hypothesis, I find substantial evidence that at least under the conditions present in the study, experts are perceived to be higher in expertise, but equal in trustworthiness to the “average Joe”. In turn, experts are equally persuasive to nonexperts on both topics. My work suggests that when engaging in policy advocacy on public health matters, the fact that an advocate is an expert on a topic can be acknowledged by audiences, but this may not necessarily help (nor necessarily harm) one’s perceived trustworthiness or ability to persuade an audience. More research is needed to understand how experts can bolster their trustworthiness and persuasiveness when advocating for public health policies.Phenomenon Schools are considering the optimal timing of Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Two primary reasons for moving Step 1 after the core clerkships are to promote deeper, more integrated basic science learning in clinical contexts and to better prepare students for the increasingly clinical focus of Step 1. Positioning Step 1 after the core clerkships leverages a major national assessment to drive learning, encouraging students to deepen their basic science knowledge while in the clinical setting. Previous studies demonstrated small increases in Step 1 scores, reductions in failure rates, and similar Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores when Step 1 was after the clerkships. Some schools that have moved Step 1 reported declines in clinical subject examination (CSE) performance. This may be due to shortened pre-clerkship curricula, the absence of the Step 1 study period for knowledge consolidation, or exposure to fewer National Board of Medical Examiners type questions prior CSE performance and Step 1 preparation in the clerkship phase.Amaranth is a protein-rich seed, highly consumed in Mexico and reported as a potential source of bio-peptides with physiological function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and identify bioactive peptide sequences from amaranth protein fractions released by pepsin and pancreatin in vitro digestion. Multifunctional bioactivities of peptides were measured through antihypertensive, antithrombotic and antioxidant assays. Peptide sequences were identified by analysis with a Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. With these results, it was demonstrated that the in vitro enzymatic digestion mechanism allows the release of multifunctional bioactive peptide fractions from amaranth proteins.Plants of the genus Hypericum contain various types of secondary metabolites that exhibited extensive biological activities. In the ongoing efforts to discover natural neuroinflammatory inhibitors with the potential to develop into therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases, two new benzophenone glycosides, hyperewalones A and B (1 and 2), along with eight known compounds (3-10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum przewalskii. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical derivatization. The anti-neuroinflammatory activity of compounds 1-10 was evaluated by determining their ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglial cells. Compounds 2, 4, 6-8 exhibited significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity with IC50 values of 0.61-4.90 μM. These findings suggest that the benzophenone, ionone, and flavonoid glycosides isolated from H. this website przewalskii are promising anti-neuroinflammatory compounds worthy of further investigations.We analysed the effects of an experimental novel protocol of intensive hydrotherapy with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on injury recovery in athletic men who suffered an acute ankle sprain (AAS) and compared it with a RICE protocol (rest, ice, compression, elevation). Professional athletes (age 23.7 ± 4.0 years; weight 78.6 ± 5.7 kg, height 182.5 ± 4.3 cm; professional experience 5.9 ± 3.9 years) who incurred AAS during a sport-related activity were randomly assigned immediately after the injury to either hydrogen group (n = 9) or a conventional RICE treatment group (n = 9). Hydrogen group received six 30-min ankle baths with HRW throughout the first 24 h post-injury, with hydrotherapy administered every 4 hours during the intervention period. RICE group stood off the injured leg, with ice packs administered for 20 min every 3 hours, with the injured ankle compressed with an elastic bandage for 24 hours and elevated at all possible times above the level of the heart. HRW was equivalent to RICE protocol to reduce ankle swelling (2.1 ± 0.9% vs. 1.6 ± 0.8%; P = 0.26), range of motion (2.4 ± 1.3 cm vs. 2.7 ± 0.8 cm; P = 0.60), and single-leg balance with eyes opened (18.4 ± 8.2 sec vs. 10.7 ± 8.0 sec; P = 0.06) and closed (5.6 ± 8.4 sec vs. 3.9 ± 4.2 sec; P = 0.59). This non-inferiority pilot trial supports the use of HRW as an effective choice in AAS management. However, more studies are needed to corroborate these findings in other soft tissue injuries.
Outdoor falls present a significant challenge to the health and well-being of older adults. Safe strategy use is an important component of falls prevention, yet little is known regarding use of outdoor falls prevention strategies.
To examine outdoor falls prevention strategy use among naturally occurring retirement community residents at risk for falls, and to examine associations with neighborhood walkability.
Descriptive analyses of pretest data from an intervention study (
= 97) were conducted to examine frequency of outdoor falls prevention strategy use. Walk Score
data were added to the dataset, and chi-square tests of independence were used to examine associations between walkability categories and outdoor falls prevention strategy use.
Some strategies, such as visual scanning and holding rails on stairs, were used by 70% or more of participants while others, such as route planning, were infrequently or inconsistently used. With the exception of avoiding cell phone use while walking outdoors, no significant associations were found between walkability categories and outdoor falls prevention strategy use.
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